{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T17:46:30Z","timestamp":1785779190323,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Econometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We introduce an overidentification test of two alternative assumptions to identify the average treatment effect on the treated in a two\u2010period panel data setting: unconfoundedness and common trends. Under unconfoundedness, treatment assignment and post\u2010treatment outcomes are independent, conditional on control variables and pre\u2010treatment outcomes, which motivates including the pre\u2010treatment outcomes in the set of controls. Under common trends, the trend and the treatment assignment are independent, conditional on control variables, motivating a Difference\u2010in\u2010Differences (DiD) approach. Given the non\u2010nested nature of these assumptions and their often ambiguous plausibility in empirical settings, we propose a joint test using a doubly robust statistic that can be combined with machine learning to control for observed confounders in a data\u2010driven manner. We discuss causal models satisfying either common trends, unconfoundedness, or both assumptions. Applying the proposed method to publicly available datasets, we find that the test rejects the null hypothesis in two out of four cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.70068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T06:59:57Z","timestamp":1779519597000},"page":"684-709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Joint Test of Unconfoundedness and Common Trends"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Huber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Fribourg  Fribourg Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva\u2010Maria","family":"Oe\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cologne &amp; Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Economics  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0034-6527.00321"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvcm4j72"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arkhangelsky D. andG.Imbens.2023. \u201cCausal Models for Longitudinal and Panel Data: A Survey.\u201d NBER Working Paper 31942.","DOI":"10.3386\/w31942"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-0420.2005.00377.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/restud\/rdt044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"Caetano C. 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