{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:57:50Z","timestamp":1790675870224,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Econometrics"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This article partially identifies population treatment effects in observational data under both non\u2010random treatment assignment and sample selection. Bounds are provided for both average and quantile population treatment effects, combining assumptions for the selected and the non\u2010selected subsamples. We show how different assumptions help narrow identification regions, and we illustrate our methods by partially identifying the effect of maternal education on the 2015 PISA math test scores in Brazil. We find that while sample selection considerably increases the uncertainty around the effect of maternal education, it is still possible to calculate informative identification regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.70093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:06:42Z","timestamp":1790672802000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Partial Identification of Population Average and Quantile Treatment Effects in Observational Data Under Sample Selection"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Dimitris","family":"Christelis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, CSEF, and CFS  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juli\u00e1n","family":"Messina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Alicante and IZA  San Vicente del Raspeig Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1086\/260824","article-title":"Education, Unemployment, and Earnings","volume":"87","author":"Ashenfelter O.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2021.11.011","article-title":"Identifying Marginal Treatment Effects in the Presence of Sample Selection","volume":"234","author":"Bartalotti O.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Enrollment, Graduation, and Dropout Rates in Latin America: Is the Glass Half Empty or Half Full?","volume":"16","author":"Bassi M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Economia"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Behrman J. 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