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However, reaching unambiguous conclusions on the basis of only the first moment of the (unconditional or conditional) distribution is problematic since it ignores what is occurring in different regions of the distribution. Even relying on indices that incorporate both mean and variance is suspect to the extent that relative rankings are not typically robust to index choice. Addressing these concerns, we adapt recent developments in the stochastic dominance literature to test for unambiguous relations between current and past distributions of toxic releases. Using EPA data from 1988\u20131999, we find statistically significant evidence that the unconditional 1999 distributions of air, land, underground and total toxic releases dominate in a first\u2010degree sense their respective 1988 distributions. While some of this improvement is explained by economic growth, pollution net\u2010of\u2010income improved over the sample period as well. Finally, we document robust differences in the distribution of pollution across regions in the US. 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