{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:32:17Z","timestamp":1790199137610,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,10]],"date-time":"2007-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1186704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Econometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this paper we specify a semi\u2010nonparametric competing risks (SNP\u2010CR) model of recidivism, for misdemeanors and felonies. The model is a bivariate mixed proportional hazard model with Weibull baseline hazards and common unobserved heterogeneity. The distribution of the latter is modeled semi\u2010nonparametrically, using orthonormal Legendre polynomials on the unit interval, and integrated out to make the two durations dependent, conditional on the covariates. The SNP\u2010CR model involved corresponds to a Logit model for felony arrest; hence the validity of the SNP\u2010CR model can be tested by testing the validity of the implied Logit model. The latter will be done by using the integrated conditional moment (ICM) test. In the first instance we have estimated and tested two versions of the SNP\u2010CR model, without and with fixed state effects. However, the ICM test rejects these models. Therefore, we have estimated and tested the model for each state separately. These state models are not rejected by the ICM test. Indeed, the estimation results vary substantially per state. Copyright \u00a9 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,10]],"date-time":"2007-08-10T17:46:42Z","timestamp":1186768002000},"page":"971-993","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Semi\u2010nonparametric competing risks analysis of recidivism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Herman J.","family":"Bierens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose R.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.783"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2951753"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Models in Quantitative Criminology","author":"Barton RR","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"BeckAJ ShipleyBE.1989.Recidivism of prisoners released in 1983. 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Separate appendix to: Semi\u2010nonparametric competing risks analysis of recidivism.http:\/\/econ.la.psu.edu\/\u223chbierens\/RECIDIVISM_APP.PDF."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2171881"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1142642"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S026646669915504X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bjc.a046353"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"CarvalhoJR.2002.Essays on the microeconometrics of labor markets and criminal behavior. 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