{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:01:08Z","timestamp":1791234068938,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,29]],"date-time":"2008-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1219968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Although the biological effects of some nanomaterials have already been assessed, information on toxicity and possible mechanisms of various particle types are insufficient. Moreover, the role of particle properties in the toxic reaction remains to be fully understood. In this paper, we aimed to explore the interrelationship between particle size, shape, chemical composition and toxicological effects of four typical nanomaterials with comparable properties: carbon black (CB), single wall carbon nanotube, silicon dioxide (SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and zinc dioxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. We investigated the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative effects of particles on primary mouse embryo fibroblast cells. As observed in the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and water\u2010soluble tetrazolium (WST) assays, ZnO induced much greater cytotoxicity than non\u2010metal nanoparticles. This was significantly in accordance with intracellular oxidative stress levels measured by glutathione depletion, malondialdehyde production, superoxide dismutase inhibition as well as reactive oxygen species generation. The results indicated that oxidative stress may be a key route in inducing the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles. Compared with ZnO nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes were moderately cytotoxic but induced more DNA damage determined by the comet assay. CB and SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    seemed to be less effective. The comparative analysis demonstrated that particle composition probably played a primary role in the cytotoxic effects of different nanoparticles. However, the potential genotoxicity might be mostly attributed to particle shape. Copyright \u00a9 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,29]],"date-time":"2008-08-29T06:11:14Z","timestamp":1219990274000},"page":"69-78","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":951,"title":["Comparative study of cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and genotoxicity induced by four typical nanomaterials: the role of particle size, shape and composition"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danfeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huashan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuge","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2003.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2005.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-3-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612043383700"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-002-0344-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2004.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2004.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109s4523"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/089426802320282338"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)01356-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2005.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8497"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"205","article-title":"Isolation of embryonic fibroblasts and their use in the in vitro characterization of gene function","volume":"158","author":"Hertzog PJ.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfi293"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PHAM.0000016249.52831.a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2005.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200503389"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00277.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(02)00251-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2006.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfg243"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1263(199803\/04)18:2<149::AID-JAT490>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2006.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1114397"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Significance of particle parameters in the evaluation of exposure\u2010dose\u2013response relationships of inhaled particles","volume":"8","author":"Oberdorster G.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Inhal. 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