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At 3\u00a0000\u00a0000\u2010fold molar excess, they were able to partially displace [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]oestradiol from recombinant human oestrogen receptors ER<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> and ER<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, and from cytosolic ER of MCF7 cells. At concentrations in the range of 5\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup> to 5\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>\u22124\u00a0<\/jats:sup><jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>, they were able to increase the expression of a stably integrated oestrogen\u2010responsive reporter gene (ERE\u2010CAT) and of the endogenous oestrogen\u2010responsive pS2 gene in MCF7 cells, albeit to a lesser extent than with 10<jats:sup>\u22128\u00a0<\/jats:sup><jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> 17<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010oestradiol. They increased the proliferation of oestrogen\u2010dependent MCF7 cells over 7 days, which could be inhibited by the antioestrogen fulvestrant, suggesting an ER\u2010mediated mechanism. Although the extent of stimulation of proliferation over 7 days was lower with these compounds than with 10<jats:sup>\u22128\u00a0<\/jats:sup><jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> 17<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010oestradiol, given a longer time period of 35 days the extent of proliferation with 10<jats:sup>\u22124\u00a0<\/jats:sup><jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate or butylphenylmethylpropional increased to the same magnitude as observed with 10<jats:sup>\u22128\u00a0<\/jats:sup><jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> 17<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010oestradiol over 14 days. This demonstrates that benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate and butylphenylmethylpropional are further chemical components of cosmetic products which give oestrogenic responses in a human breast cancer cell line in culture. Further research is now needed to investigate whether oestrogenic responses are detectable using <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> models and the extent to which these compounds might be absorbed through human skin and might enter human breast tissues. Copyright \u00a9 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,31]],"date-time":"2009-03-31T04:40:20Z","timestamp":1238474420000},"page":"422-434","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Oestrogenic activity of benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate and butylphenylmethylpropional (Lilial) in MCF7 human breast cancer cells <i>in vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"A. K.","family":"Charles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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