{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T17:09:32Z","timestamp":1773248972888,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,10]],"date-time":"2010-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age\u2010related neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system resulting in memory loss and dementia. Some of the associated pathogenic changes are amyloid peptide aggregation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation. Oxidative stress plays an indispensable role in the pathophysiology of AD. Therefore, antioxidant therapies appear to be promising approaches in dealing with AD patients. In that line, we evaluated the free radical scavenging capabilities of 13 different chalcones (1,3\u2010diphenyl\u20102\u2010propen\u20101\u2010one) derivatives against the free\u2010radical damaging effects of hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) on the SK\u2010N\u2010MC neuroblastoma cell line. Pretreatment of the cells for 3\u2009h with 20\u2009\u00b5 <jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> of each of these derivatives (compounds <jats:bold>8<\/jats:bold>\u2013<jats:bold>20<\/jats:bold>) followed by exposure to 300\u2009\u00b5 <jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> for 24\u2009h indicated that all compounds, except compound <jats:bold>20<\/jats:bold>, were capable of restoring the viabilities of cells relative to the control (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2013treated) cells. The destructive effect of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> on the adhesive behavior of the cells was almost totally restored by each of the derivatives. In addition, each of the derivatives except compounds <jats:bold>20<\/jats:bold> and <jats:bold>14<\/jats:bold> significantly reduced the extent of lipofuscin formation among the cells time\u2010dependently. Despite these activities, some of the derivatives, such as compounds <jats:bold>12<\/jats:bold> and <jats:bold>19<\/jats:bold>, did not reduce the H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels, meaning that these two derivatives act through a different mechanism other than free\u2010radical scavenging activity. On the other hand, for those derivatives acting as anti\u2010oxidants, structure\u2013activity evaluation clearly revealed that the hydroxyl group of vanillin ring is required for their free\u2010radical scavenging activities. Copyright \u00a9 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,10]],"date-time":"2010-12-10T08:15:43Z","timestamp":1291968943000},"page":"545-553","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Protective effects of 1,3\u2010diaryl\u20102\u2010propen\u20101\u2010one derivatives against H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub>\u2010induced damage in SK\u2010N\u2010MC cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Samaneh","family":"Bayati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Razieh","family":"Yazdanparast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soraya Sajadi","family":"Majd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seikwan","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1434"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2009.11.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2000.00069.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410050955"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.6.2312"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)00959-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1000-1948(07)60064-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.2.621s"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)02444-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.140.2.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"234","article-title":"The lipofuscin content of nerve cells of the inferior olivary nucleus in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"5","author":"Drach LM","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20280"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.23.13787"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bss0610073"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)01068-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(90)90131-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1404.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm800221g"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5012\/bkcs.2008.29.6.1125"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx00026a012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.12.1449"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200421020-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.12.283"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-05-01683.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Chalcone: a versatile molecule","volume":"1","author":"Patil CB","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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