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Zebrafish embryos were immediately exposed to different concentrations (0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0\u2009mg) of PCBs per liter of medium at 28.5\u2009\u00b0C. Embryos were assessed at 30, 48, 72 and 96\u2009h post\u2010fertilization (hpf) for changes in embryonic survival rate, development, larval retinal morphology and ultrastructure of the retina. The results show that PCB exposure decreased the survival rate of embryos in a time\u2010 and dose\u2010dependent manner. Embryos exposed to the higher concentrations of PCBs (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0\u2009mg\u2009l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) displayed obvious gross morphological deformities. At 72\u2009hpf, the retinal layer development of zebrafish was delayed at higher PCB concentrations (1.0\u2009mg\u2009l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). At 96\u2009hpf, irregularity of photoreceptor cells arrangement and thickening of photoreceptor and ganglionic layers were observed in PCB\u2010treated larvae at concentrations of 0.25\u20131\u2009mg\u2009l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Ultrastructural examination showed signs of growth inhibition of the photoreceptor outer segment at 0.25\u20131\u2009mg\u2009l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> PCB exposure at 72\u2009hpf, as well as the appearance of massive vacuoles and holes inside the outer segments in the PCB exposure group at 96\u2009hpf. These results suggest that embryonic exposure to moderate and high levels of PCBs induced developmental deficits in zebrafish retinas, particularly in photoreceptor cells. Copyright \u00a9 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,8]],"date-time":"2011-03-08T03:40:39Z","timestamp":1299555639000},"page":"186-193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Effects of embryonic exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls on zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio<\/i>) retinal development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yan\u2010Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing 210004 China"},{"name":"Institute of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing 210029 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing 210004 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Da\u2010ni","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing 210004 China"},{"name":"Institute of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing 210029 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun\u2010Zhao","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing 210004 China"},{"name":"Institute of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing 210029 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun\u2010Mei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing 210004 China"},{"name":"Institute of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing 210029 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing 210029 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi\u2010Rong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing 210004 China"},{"name":"Institute of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing 210029 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing 210004 China"},{"name":"Institute of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing 210029 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei\u2010Ling","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing 210004 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(04)76016-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Central and peripheral retinal photoreceptor orientation in amblyopic eyes as assessed by the psychophysical Stiles\u2013Crawford function","volume":"19","author":"Bedell HE","year":"1980","journal-title":"Invest. 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