{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T08:28:47Z","timestamp":1768465727766,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,2]],"date-time":"2011-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Apocynin is a naturally occurring methoxy\u2010substituted catechol, experimentally used as an inhibitor of NADPH\u2010oxidase. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of apocynin on antimycin A (AMA)\u2010induced toxicicy in osteoblastic MC3T3\u2010E1 cells. Exposure of MC3T3\u2010E1 cells to AMA caused significant cell viability loss, as well as mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) dissipation, complex IV inactivation, ATP loss, intracellular calcium ([Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>) elevation and oxidative stress. Pretreatment with apocynin prior to AMA exposure significantly reduced AMA\u2010induced cell damage by preventing MMP dissipation, complex IV inactivation, ATP loss, [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> elevation and oxidative stress. These results suggest that apocynin has a protective effect against AMA\u2010induced cell damage by its antioxidant effects and the attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction. Apocynin also induced the activation of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3\u2010kinase), Akt (protein kinase B) and CREB (cAMP\u2010response element\u2010binding protein) inhibited by AMA. All these data indicate that apocynin may reduce or prevent osteoblasts degeneration in osteoporosis or other degenerative disorders. Copyright \u00a9 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,2]],"date-time":"2011-05-02T05:45:20Z","timestamp":1304315120000},"page":"714-721","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Protective effect of apocynin on antimycin A\u2010induced cell damage in osteoblastic <scp>MC3T3<\/scp>\u2010E1 cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Eun Mi","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Education Graduate School Kyung Hee University  1, Hoegi\u2010dong, Dongdaemun\u2010gu Seoul 130\u2010701 Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Soon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Education Graduate School Kyung Hee University  1, Hoegi\u2010dong, Dongdaemun\u2010gu Seoul 130\u2010701 Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.221269198"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)00780-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.4.1127"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1280617"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(75)80212-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.15.1.269"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0722272.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.279.1.H303"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/152308603322110913"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)01397-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2006.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1972.tb00787.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18431.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2003.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-007-9042-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.19.8.5800"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/74994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C500140200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021496"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.21.16202"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/41237"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.1998.2520001.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704235"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703401"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccn.2005.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3510183"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105122"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000109416.56608.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(01)00814-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0320(20001201)41:4<245::AID-CYTO2>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650070613"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)01111-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M910433199"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502878102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.0139"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208549"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(90)90070-Y"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","first-page":"380","article-title":"Bcl\u20102 and Bcl\u2010xL block apoptosis as well as necrosis: possible involvement of common mediators in apoptotic and necrotic signal transduction pathways","volume":"11","author":"Tsujimoto Y","year":"1997","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00300.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M000835200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2005.02.017"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjat.1689","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jat.1689","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T14:30:54Z","timestamp":1760538654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jat.1689"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,2]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jat.1689"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jat.1689","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0260-437X","1099-1263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0260-437X","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,2]]}}}