{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:39:27Z","timestamp":1760575167067,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,11]],"date-time":"2006-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8868,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Until the 16th day of gestation the intravenous LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> in the pregnant Wistar\u2010Porton rat is higher, but not significantly different from that (1.8 mg Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> per kg body weight) in nulliparous females. At 20 days it is 1.1 mg Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> kg per body weight. This decrease is related to the rapid increase in weight of the conceptuses in late gestation and to the retention of most of the dose in the maternal compartment. If the dose is based on body weight at conception, the LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>for the 20\u2010day pregnant rat (1.6 mg Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> per kg body weight) and non\u2010gravid female do not differ significantly. Nevertheless, after the same Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> dose, hepatic and renal Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> concentrations are less in the pregnant than in the non\u2010pregnant animal. The Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> concentrations, therefore, do not determine the liver and kidney damage, which is restricted to the pregnant rat. Placentae also accumulate Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> and placental haemorrhage follows the injection of the appropriate Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> on day 12\u201320 of gestation. In those animals that die between 16 and 30 h after dosing, haemorrhage and death appear to be correlated. Renal damage, therefore, probably results from haemorrhagic shock. It is not dependent on the transfer of protein\u2010bound Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> from the necrotic placentae to the kidney. Between the 8th and 15th day of gestation, Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> (1.25 mg per kg body weight) is highly teratogenic. Hydrocephalus is the most frequent abnormality when the dose is given between the 8th and 12th day. Other malformations include eye defects, gastroschiasis and umbilical hernia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550010506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,18]],"date-time":"2006-10-18T03:17:52Z","timestamp":1161141472000},"page":"264-269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["The acute toxicity and teratogenicity of cadmium in the pregnant rat"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"G. 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