{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T01:00:49Z","timestamp":1760576449585,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,11]],"date-time":"2006-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6677,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intravenous injection of acrylonitrile (ACN) causes adrenal hemorrhagic necrosis. ACN and its metabolites react with glutathione and bind covalently with macromolecules. Hence the purpose of this investigation was to measure the distribution and covalent binding of radiolabel derived from [1\u2010<jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>C]ACN in order to detemine whether binding of ACN or its metabolites may be implicated in the pathogenesis of ACN\u2010induced adrenal injury. Following intravenous injections of ACN, concentrations of total radiolabel were highest in the blood, liver, duodenum, kidneys, and adrenals. Except for blood, there was a time\u2010dependent decrease in total radiolabel in these tissues. Compared with other major organ systems, the levels of covalently bound radiolabel were lower in the adrenal glands. These results do not support a role of covalent binding of ACN or its metabolites in the adrenal toxicity of ACN, but suggest that the initial high concentrations of total radiolabelled compounds derived from ACN could play a role in the action of ACN on the adrenal glands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550070503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,14]],"date-time":"2006-10-14T11:38:14Z","timestamp":1160825894000},"page":"303-306","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Time\u2010course studies of the distribution of [1\u2013<sup>14<\/sup>C] acrylonitrile in rats after intravenous administration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"E. H.","family":"Silver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Szabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Cahill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. J.","family":"Jaeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","unstructured":"Anonymous C & EN's top fifty chemical products and producers Chem. Eng. News May 7 8\u201315(1984)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","unstructured":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Current Intelligence Bulletin: Acrylonitrile July 1 (1977)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"27","article-title":"Toxicology of Acrylonitrile (vinyl cyanide). I. A study of the acute toxicity","volume":"24","author":"Dudley H. C.","year":"1942","journal-title":"J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"128","article-title":"Acrylonitrile: Spectrophotometric determination, acute toxicity and mechanism of action","volume":"6","author":"Brieger H.","year":"1952","journal-title":"Arch. Ind. Hyg."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"405","article-title":"Adrenal apoplexy and necrosis produced by acrylonitrile","volume":"57","author":"Szabo S.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Endokrinologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"533","article-title":"Pathogenesis of experimental adrenal hemorrhagic necrosis (\u2018Apoplexy\u2019)","volume":"42","author":"Szabo S.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550040304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"401","article-title":"Carcinogenicity bioassays on rats of acrylonitrile administered by inhalation and by ingestion","volume":"68","author":"Maltoni C.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Med. Lavoro."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","unstructured":"J. M.Norris Status Report on the 2 Year Study Incorporating Acrylonitrile in the Drinking Water of RatsDow Chemiecal Company."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"129","article-title":"Results of a chronic toxicity and oncogeneicity study in rats maintained on water containing acrylonitrile for 24 months","volume":"1","author":"Quast J. F.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Toxicologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(78)90239-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(81)90055-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)33293-3","article-title":"Structure\u2010activity relations between alkyl nucleophilic chemicals causing duodenal ulcer and adrenocortical necrosis","volume":"223","author":"Szabo S.","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(25)06132-X","article-title":"Acrylonitrile: in vivo metabolism in rats and mice","volume":"9","author":"Ahmed A. E.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(81)90314-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","unstructured":"S.Szabo(Unpublished data)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00353240"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(25)07921-8","article-title":"Structural considerations in the metabolism of nitriles to cyanide in vivo","volume":"10","author":"Silver E. H.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(77)90056-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","first-page":"223","article-title":"Catalase activity and glutathione and lactic acid concentrations in rats acutely poisoned by acrylonitrile","volume":"7","author":"Dinu V.","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"115","article-title":"Styrene and acrylonitrile induced depression of hepatic non\u2010protein sulfhydryl content in various rodent species","volume":"17","author":"Vainio H.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Res. Comm. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00377669"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)29664-1","article-title":"Acetaminophen\u2010induced hepatic necrosis. II. Role of covalent binding in vivo","volume":"187","author":"Jollow D. J.","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(80)90190-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550030109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(82)90036-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10915818409009076"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjat.2550070503","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jat.2550070503","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T19:10:10Z","timestamp":1760555410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jat.2550070503"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1987,10]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jat.2550070503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jat.2550070503","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0260-437X","1099-1263"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0260-437X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-1263"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1987,10]]}}}