{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T15:16:17Z","timestamp":1764688577351,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,11]],"date-time":"2006-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6372,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trihalomethanes, Carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethylene were tested in single, binary and multi\u2010complex mixtures using standard tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100 of <jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic> with and without addition of an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> metabolizing fraction S\u20109. Chloroform (CHCl<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) was found to be mutagenic in all strains without S\u20109 activation. However, when tested with Bromoform (15%), which was nonmutagenic singly, the combined effect of the mixture was nonmutagenic. CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> was a direct mutagen (without S\u20109) in all strains except TA 1535. When combined with 85% CHCl<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, only strains TA1535 and TA1537 were mutagenic. When tested with mammalian activation (S\u20109), CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> was mutagenic in all strains. However, when tested with CHCl<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> (CHCl<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> \u2010 85 : 15), the mutagenic capability was lost.<\/jats:p><jats:p>With or without S\u20109 Activation multi\u2010complex mixture of CHCl<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and TCE (85 : 8 : 7) was mutagenic for a narrow range of doses in all strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550080404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,14]],"date-time":"2006-10-14T11:55:50Z","timestamp":1160826950000},"page":"243-248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i> mutagenicity of water contaminants in complex mixtures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"M. M.","family":"Varma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. 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