{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T23:38:51Z","timestamp":1784072331044,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,11]],"date-time":"2006-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5338,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Grayanotoxins are known to occur in honey produced from the nectar of Rhododendrons of the family Ericaceae. Grayanotoxins extracted from honey sample obtained from a patient who experienced severe bradycardia and hypotension after ingesting two tablespoonfuls corresponded to Rhododendron ponticum tetrades. Anaesthetized albino rats were injected with honey extract intracerebroventricularly or intraperitoneally. The intracerebroventricular dose was equivalent to 50 mg honey and i.p. doses were equivalent to 50 mg, 1 mg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> and 5 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> honey. Marked bradycardia and respiratory rate depression were observed in rats injected with extract equivalent to 1 and 5 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> honey i.p. and in rats injected with 50 mg i.c.v., but not in rats given 50 mg i.p. In bilaterally vagotomized animals, grayanotoxin\u2010contaminated honey extract was not bradycardic. These results suggest that the sites of cardiac and respiratory actions are within the central nervous system, and that the bradycardic effect of grayanotoxin is mediated by vagal stimulation at the periphery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550110308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,16]],"date-time":"2006-10-16T02:27:19Z","timestamp":1160965639000},"page":"199-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Site of action of grayanotoxins in mad honey in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Filiz","family":"Onat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berrak C.","family":"Yegen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmet","family":"Oktay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sule","family":"Oktay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1959.tb10443.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"302","volume-title":"Poisonous Plants of Turkey","author":"Baytop T.","year":"1963"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"8","volume-title":"Flora Europaea","author":"Tutin T. G.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands","author":"Davis P. H.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03720130073034","article-title":"Rhododendrons, mountain laurel, and mad honey (editorial)","volume":"259","author":"Lampe K. F.","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"309","article-title":"Andromedotoxin poisoning","volume":"38","author":"Baris Y. I.","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Turkish Med. Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"328","article-title":"Cardiac arrhythmias in a patient with grayanotoxin poisoning","volume":"25","author":"Gossinger H.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Vet. Hum. Toxicol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Arrhythmogenic effects of honey","volume":"16","author":"D\u00f6rtlemez O.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Turkish Soc. Cardiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03720130021010","article-title":"Mad honey","volume":"259","author":"Biberoglu S.","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F.Onat H.Kurtel B. C.Yegen R.Lawrence S.OktayandA.Oktay Mad honey poisoning in man and rat.Marmara Med. J.1991(in press).","DOI":"10.1515\/REVEH.1991.9.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)04501-X","article-title":"The pharmacological actions of andromedotoxin, an active principle from","volume":"110","author":"Moran N. C.","year":"1954","journal-title":"Rhododendron maximum. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01651a026"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"111","article-title":"Grayanotoxin content of toxic honey and its relation with Rhododendrons","volume":"1","author":"Karakaya A. E.","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Ankara Univ. Fac. Pharm."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0015-6264(71)90303-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"41","article-title":"Rhododendron ingestion","volume":"9","author":"McGee M. D.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Hosp. Formul. Manage."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","unstructured":"D. G.Leach That's why the lady is a tramp.J. Am. Rhododendron Soc.Oct. 151\u2013152 (1982)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"20","article-title":"Ancient curse of the rhododendron","volume":"51","author":"Leach D. G.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am. Hortic."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(90)93489-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1974.sp010718"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)32851-X","article-title":"Modulation of sodium channel of squid nerve membranes by grayanotoxin I","volume":"219","author":"Seyama I.","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.35.401"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjat.2550110308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jat.2550110308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T12:18:50Z","timestamp":1760530730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jat.2550110308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jat.2550110308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jat.2550110308","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0260-437X","1099-1263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0260-437X","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]}}}