{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:54:28Z","timestamp":1760576068834,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,11]],"date-time":"2006-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4089,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Toxicological evaluation was made on the effects of two peripheral sensory irritants (tear gases): 1\u2010chloroacetophenone (CN) and dibenz[<jats:italic>b,f<\/jats:italic>]\u20101,4\u2010oxazepine (CR). Animals had a 15\u2010min daily inhalation exposure to average vapour concentrations of 87.6 mg CN m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> or 1008 mg CR m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> (both equal to 0.05 LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) for 5 or 10 days and were sacrificed 24 h after the last exposure, when biochemical and histopathological observations were made. Both chemicals caused a significant decrease in body weight gain. Histological changes in lung, liver and kidneys were more severe after 10 than after 5 days of exposure and were more severe in CN\u2010exposed than in CR\u2010exposed mice. Organ weight to body weight ratios remained normal except for the spleen to body weight ratio, which decreased in CN\u2010exposed mice after both 5 and 10 days of exposure. Biochemical indicators showed a toxic response only in CN\u2010exposed mice, but the only consistent change was an increase in blood glucose. Hepatic alkaline phosphatase was not influenced, malondialdehyde concentration and acid phosphatase activity were increased only after 5 days of exposure and liver GSH concentration decreased after 10 days of exposure. Results indicate that CN is not only more toxic than CR in absolute terms but is also more toxic at the 5% level of their LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550140605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,16]],"date-time":"2006-10-16T05:15:29Z","timestamp":1160975729000},"page":"411-416","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Toxicological evaluation of 1\u2010chloroacetophenone and dibenz[<i>b,f<\/i>]\u20101,4\u2010oxazepine after repeated inhalation exposure in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Pravin","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. J. S.","family":"Flora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. C.","family":"Pant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. S.","family":"Sachan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. P.","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. Das","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(77)90082-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"76","article-title":"A comparative study of biochemical changes induced by inhalation of aerosols of o\u2010chloroacetophenone & dibenz (b,f)\u20101,4\u2010oxazepine in rats","volume":"94","author":"Husain K.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"271","volume-title":"Chemical Warfare Agents","author":"Hu H.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1974.tb00762.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01891962"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(74)90067-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00498258309052273"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00498258309052274"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00498258309052275"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/17.9.891","article-title":"Manual and automated methods for urea nitrogen measurement in whole serum","volume":"17","author":"Wybenga D. R.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/28.1.56"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"317","article-title":"Enzymes in rat urine: alkaline phosphatase","volume":"42","author":"Wright P. J.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Enzymologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. L.Ellman K. D.Courtney V.Andres Jr.andR. M.Featherstone A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity.Biomed. Pharmacol.88\u201395(1961).","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"304","article-title":"The thiobarbituric acid reagent as a test for the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids by various reagents","volume":"24","author":"Wilber K. M.","year":"1949","journal-title":"Arch. Bichem. Biophys."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90323-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"12","volume-title":"Samson Wright's Applied Physiology","author":"Keele C. A.","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4263.329"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"volume-title":"Staining Methods: Histologic and Histochemical","year":"1960","author":"McManus J. F. S.","key":"e_1_2_1_20_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","first-page":"142","article-title":"Altered host resistance to Listeria monocytogens in mice exposed to 1\u2010chloroacetophenone (CN) vapours","volume":"5","author":"Kumar P.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biomed. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(83)90141-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","first-page":"86","article-title":"Biochemical interactions and metabolic fate of riot control agents","volume":"30","author":"Cucinell S. A.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Fed. Proc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0420082"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)06998-4","article-title":"The metabolic effects of epinephrine and related amines","volume":"8","author":"Ellis S.","year":"1956","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0015-6264(71)90236-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","first-page":"137","article-title":"Effect of subchronic exposure of malathion on blood and tissue enzyme activities in female rats","volume":"8","author":"Husain K.","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Environ. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","first-page":"590","article-title":"Enzyme activities as diagnostic test in liver injuries from some pesticides","volume":"171","author":"Sasinovich L. M.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ferment Nar Khoz Med."},{"volume-title":"Legal Medicine.","year":"1954","author":"Gonzales T. A.","key":"e_1_2_1_29_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","first-page":"374","article-title":"Chloroacetophenone (tear gas) poisoning: a clinico\u2010pathological report","volume":"9","author":"Stein A. A.","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Forens. Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjat.2550140605","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jat.2550140605","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T16:18:00Z","timestamp":1760545080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jat.2550140605"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jat.2550140605"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jat.2550140605","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0260-437X","1099-1263"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0260-437X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-1263"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]}}}