{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T15:32:25Z","timestamp":1760887945845,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,11]],"date-time":"2006-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3969,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the maximum allowable intake limits for chronic dietary exposure to cadmium (Cd), the dose\u2010response relationship between total Cd intake and prevalence of renal dysfunction was examined using general linear models considering the effect of age as a confounder. The target population comprised 1850 Cd\u2010exposed and 294 non\u2010exposed inhabitants of Ishikawa, Japan. They were divided into 96 subgroups by sex, age (four categories) cadmium concentrations in rice (three categories) and length of residence (four categories). As indicators of the cadmium\u2010induced renal dysfunction, glucose, total protein, amino nitrogen, \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010microglobulin and metallothionein in urine were employed. General linear models were fitted statistically to the relationship among prevalence of renal dysfunction, sex, age and total Cd intake. Prevalence of abnormal urinary findings other than glucosuria had significant associations with total Cd intake. When total Cd intake corresponding to the mean prevalence of each abnormal urinary finding in the non\u2010exposed subjects was calculated using general linear models, total Cd intakes corresponding to glucosuria, proteinuria, aminoaciduria (men only) and proteinuria with glucosuria were determined to be ca. 2.2\u20133.8 g and those corresponding to prevalence of metallothioneinuria were calculated as ca. 1.5\u20132.6 g. The low\u2010molecular\u2010weight protein in urine was confirmed to be a more sensitive indicator of renal dysfunction, and these total Cd intake values were close to those calculated previously by simple regression analysis, suggesting them to be reasonable values as the maximum allowable intake of Cd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550150209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,16]],"date-time":"2006-10-16T05:33:05Z","timestamp":1160976785000},"page":"109-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Dose\u2010response relationship between total cadmium intake and prevalence of renal dysfunction using general linear models"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Hochi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teruhiko","family":"Kido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Nogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Kito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Kito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahir A.","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1265\/jjh.28.406"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(77)90107-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(77)90047-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(78)90095-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(79)90116-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(79)90117-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7928161"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(89)90002-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(91)90091-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(89)80080-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(91)90198-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","unstructured":"K. Tsuchiya (ed.) Cadmium Studies in Japan\u2010A Review. Kodansya Tokyo (1978)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"733","article-title":"Studies on some urinary screening tests for dysfunction induced by cadmium exposure. 1. Determination of glucose in urine by o\u2010toluidine boric acid method","volume":"83","author":"Fukushima M.","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Juzen Med. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"741","article-title":"Studies on some urinary screening tests for renal dysfunction induced by cadmium exposure. 2. Examination of the urinary protein determination by Kingsbury\u2010Clark's turbidity method","volume":"83","author":"Fukushima M.","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Juzen. Med. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"166","article-title":"Studies on some urinary screening tests for renal dysfunction induced by cadmium exposure. 4. Determination of free amino acid in urine by 2,4,6\u2010trinitrobenzene 1\u2010sulfonic acid method","volume":"84","author":"Fukushima M.","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Juzen Med. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550010102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)51334-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","unstructured":"H.ToyokawaandH.Yanai Statistics by Examples of Medical and Health Science. Gendai\u2010sugakusha Kyoto (1982) (in Japanese)."},{"volume-title":"Cadmium and Health: A Toxicological and Epidemiological Appraisal","year":"1986","author":"Friberg L.","key":"e_1_2_1_20_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","unstructured":"SAS Technical Report P\u2010200 SAS\/STAT software: CALIS and LOGISTIC Procedures Release 6.04. SAS Institute Inc. Cary (1990)."},{"volume-title":"Cadmium and Health: A Toxicological and Epidemiological Appraisal, Vol. II. Effect and Response","year":"1986","author":"Friberg L.","key":"e_1_2_1_22_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-70856-5_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(85)90057-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","first-page":"159","article-title":"Studies on some urinary screening tests for renal dysfunction induced by cadmium exposure. 3 Simple screening tests for tubular proteinuria","volume":"84","author":"Fukushima M.","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Juzen. Med. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1265\/jjh.42.964"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(81)90080-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00295090"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(90)90068-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(81)90036-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00373398"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(90)90099-3"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjat.2550150209","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jat.2550150209","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T17:40:09Z","timestamp":1760550009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jat.2550150209"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jat.2550150209"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jat.2550150209","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0260-437X","1099-1263"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0260-437X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-1263"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]}}}