{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:34:22Z","timestamp":1760574862597,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,11]],"date-time":"2006-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3785,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of dosing vehicle on toxicity and metabolism of unsaturated aliphatic nitriles was investigated in male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats. Five unsaturated aliphatic nitriles\u2014acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, allylnitrile, crotononitrile and fumaronitrile\u2014were prepared in five different dosing vehicles\u2014saline, corn oil, safflower oil, mineral oil, olive oil and Tween\u201020. Groups of six male rats were given 0.5 LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> doses of the nitriles by gavage and they were observed for 12 h for cholinomimetic and central nervous system effects. Cyanide and glutathione levels were determined in blood and various organs at 1, 3 and 6 h after nitrile administration and thiocyanate levels were determined at 6 h after nitrite administration. The results indicate that all the vehicles studied potentiated the toxicity of all the nitriles compared to nitriles administered in saline and significantly increased their metabolism to cyanide and thiocyanate and nitrile\u2010induced depletion of glutathione in rats. This behavior of vehicles illustrates the difficulty of identifying suitable vehicles for administration of lipophilic compounds in toxicology studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550150512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,17]],"date-time":"2006-10-17T13:52:59Z","timestamp":1161093179000},"page":"411-420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect of dosing vehicle on the toxicity and metabolism of unsaturated aliphatic nitriles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mohammed Y. H.","family":"Farooqui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Ybarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Piper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Tamez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550030506"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(86)90148-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.866949"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program Board of Scientific Counselors Report of the NTP Ad hoc Panel on Chemical Carcinogenicity Testing and Evaluation pp.143\u2013145 184\u2013187 248\u2013254 US Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service US Government Printing Office Washington DC (1984)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/75.5.955","article-title":"Dietary intervention during the postdosing phase of L\u2010azaserine\u2010induced preneoplastic lesions","volume":"75","author":"O'Connor T. P.","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(72)90213-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/110.5.924","article-title":"Effect of corn oil feeding on lipid peroxidation in rats","volume":"110","author":"Iritani N.","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/112.12.2235","article-title":"Activation of catalase and other enzymes by corn oil intake","volume":"112","author":"Iritani N.","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(76)90287-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(76)90008-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","unstructured":"American Nutrition Foundation Report of the Ad hoc Working Group on Oil\/Gavage in Toxicology. American Nutrition Foundation Washington DC (1983)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"923","volume-title":"Nonionic Surfactants","author":"Elworthy P. H.","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(89)90013-4"},{"volume-title":"Animal Models in Toxicology","year":"1992","author":"Gad S. E.","key":"e_1_2_1_15_2"},{"volume-title":"Drug Formulations","year":"1989","author":"Racz I.","key":"e_1_2_1_16_2"},{"volume-title":"USD\u2010HEW. Criteria and recommended standards for nitriles","year":"1978","author":"NIOSH","key":"e_1_2_1_17_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","unstructured":"OSHA Contract Rep. j\u20109\u2013F6\u20130229. Final report: Economic impact assessment for acrylonitrile. 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