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We have assessed <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> the mortality\u2010reducing efficacy of a group of known AChE inhibitors, when given in equitoxic dosage before exposure to the OPC paraoxon. Protection was quantified in rats by determining the relative risk (RR) of death.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Best <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> protection from paraoxon\u2010induced mortality was observed after prophylactic administration of physostigmine (RR\u2009=\u20090.30) or the oxime K\u201027 (RR\u2009=\u20090.34); both treatments were significantly superior to the pre\u2010treatment with all other tested compounds, including the established substance pyridostigmine. Tacrine (RR\u2009=\u20090.67), ranitidine (RR\u2009=\u20090.72), pyridostigmine (RR\u2009=\u20090.76), tiapride (RR\u2009=\u20090.80) and 7\u2010MEOTA (RR\u2009=\u20090.86) also significantly reduced the relative risk of paraoxon\u2010induced death, but to a lesser degree. Methylene blue, amiloride and metoclopramide had an unfavorable effect (RR\u2009\u2265\u20091), significantly increasing mortality. When CNS penetration by prophylactic is undesirable K\u201027 is a promising alternative to pyridostigmine. Copyright \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,20]],"date-time":"2012-05-20T09:01:12Z","timestamp":1337504472000},"page":"894-900","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Usefulness of administration of non\u2010organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors before acute exposure to organophosphates: assessment using paraoxon"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Georg A.","family":"Petroianu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology &amp; Pharmacology Florida International University  Miami FL USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics, FMHS UAE University  Al Ain United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed M.","family":"Nurulain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics, FMHS UAE University  Al Ain United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Shafiullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics, FMHS UAE University  Al Ain United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Y.","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics, FMHS UAE University  Al Ain United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamil","family":"Ku\u010da","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Defense Faculty of Military Health Sciences  Hradec Kralove Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dietrich E.","family":"Lorke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology &amp; Pharmacology Florida International University  Miami FL USA"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, FMHS UAE University  Al Ain United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605370103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.2007.701"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2423(04)38006-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-4257(99)80008-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200102000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.1996.9999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.626929"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Regression models and life tables","volume":"34","author":"Cox DR","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. 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