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For the screening of chemicals with a potential thyroid hormone and anti\u2010thyroid hormone activities, we have established transient transactivation assay systems using thyroid hormone receptors (TR\u03b1 and TR\u03b2) from three frog species (<jats:italic>Xenopus laevis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Silurana tropicalis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Rana rugosa)<\/jats:italic>, a fish (<jats:italic>Oryzias latipes)<\/jats:italic>, an alligator (<jats:italic>Alligator mississippiensis<\/jats:italic>) and a human (<jats:italic>Homo sapiens<\/jats:italic>). In all species examined, similar transcriptional activities were found for triiodothyronine (T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>: 10<jats:sup>\u201311<\/jats:sup> M in TR\u03b1 and 10<jats:sup>\u201310<\/jats:sup> M in TR\u03b2) and thyroxine (T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>: 10<jats:sup>\u20139<\/jats:sup> M in TR\u03b1 and 10<jats:sup>\u20138<\/jats:sup> M in TR\u03b2). Analogs of thyroid hormone (3,5,3\u2032,\u2010triiodothyroacetic acid and 3,3\u2032,5,5\u2032\u2010tetraiodothyroacetic acid) exhibited weaker activity, requiring 10\u2010fold higher concentrations for induction of activity when compared with T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>. These results provide support for the usefulness of <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> screening assay systems as part of an approach to test chemicals for potential thyroid hormone receptor activity. In addition, we observed that T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2010stimulated transcriptional activity of the <jats:italic>O. latipes<\/jats:italic> TR\u03b1 was inhibited by 10<jats:sup>\u20135<\/jats:sup> M tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). In contrast, TR antagonist activities on TR\u03b1 were not encountered in other species, even with TBBPA concentrations at 10<jats:sup>\u20135<\/jats:sup> M. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> transactivation assay systems using TRs from various species can be used for the screening of chemicals with thyroid\u2010receptor agonist and antagonist activities. They also can be used for studies that examine evolutionary differences among species in the potency of TR activation. Copyright \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,30]],"date-time":"2012-10-30T07:31:26Z","timestamp":1351582286000},"page":"991-1000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Establishment of transactivation assay systems using fish, amphibian, reptilian and human thyroid hormone receptors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Oka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Environmental Risk Research Section, Research Center for Environmental Risk National Institute for Environmental Studies  16\u20102 Onogawa Tsukuba Ibaraki 305\u20108506 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Mitsui\u2010Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Risk Research Center, Institute of Environmental Ecology IDEA Consultants, Inc.  1334\u20105 Riemon Yaizu Shizuoka 421\u20100212 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norihisa","family":"Tatarazako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Environmental Risk Research Section, Research Center for Environmental Risk National Institute for Environmental Studies  16\u20102 Onogawa Tsukuba Ibaraki 305\u20108506 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuta","family":"Onishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Risk Research Center, Institute of Environmental Ecology IDEA Consultants, Inc.  1334\u20105 Riemon Yaizu Shizuoka 421\u20100212 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinao","family":"Katsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Hokkaido University  Sapporo 060\u20100810 Japan"},{"name":"Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences The Graduate University for Advanced Studies  5\u20101 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444\u20108787 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Miyagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences The Graduate University for Advanced Studies  5\u20101 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444\u20108787 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Ogino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences The Graduate University for Advanced Studies  5\u20101 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444\u20108787 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryohei","family":"Yatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences The Graduate University for Advanced Studies  5\u20101 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444\u20108787 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satomi","family":"Kohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology &amp; Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Science Center Medical University of South Carolina and Hollings Marine Laboratory  221 Ft. 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