{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:40:10Z","timestamp":1791420010127,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Felix Trust"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Alkyl esters of\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) are widely used as preservatives in personal care products, foods and pharmaceuticals. Their oestrogenic activity, their measurement in human breast tissue and their ability to drive proliferation of oestrogen\u2010responsive human breast cancer cells has opened a debate on their potential to influence breast cancer development. As proliferation is not the only hallmark of cancer cells, we have investigated the effects of exposure to parabens at concentrations of maximal proliferative response on migratory and invasive properties using three oestrogen\u2010responsive human breast cancer cell lines (MCF\u20107, T\u201047\u2010D, ZR\u201075\u20101). Cells were maintained short\u2010term (1\u2009week) or long\u2010term (20\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u2009weeks) in phenol\u2010red\u2010free medium containing 5% charcoal\u2010stripped serum with no addition, 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20138<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009M 17\u03b2\u2010oestradiol, 1\u20135\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u20134<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009M methylparaben, 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20105<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009M\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010propylparaben or 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20135<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009M\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010butylparaben. Long\u2010term exposure (20\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u2009weeks) of MCF\u20107 cells to methylparaben,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010propylparaben or\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010butylparaben increased migration as measured using a scratch assay, time\u2010lapse microscopy and xCELLigence technology: invasive properties were found to increase in matrix degradation assays and migration through matrigel on xCELLigence. Western immunoblotting showed an associated downregulation of E\u2010cadherin and \u03b2\u2010catenin in the long\u2010term paraben\u2010exposed cells which could be consistent with a mechanism involving epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Increased migratory activity was demonstrated also in long\u2010term paraben\u2010exposed T\u201047\u2010D and ZR\u201075\u20101 cells using a scratch assay and time\u2010lapse microscopy. This is the first report that\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , parabens can influence not only proliferation but also migratory and invasive properties of human breast cancer cells. Copyright \u00a9 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T07:47:44Z","timestamp":1395301664000},"page":"1051-1059","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Exposure to parabens at the concentration of maximal proliferative response increases migratory and invasive activity of human breast cancer cells\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Sugandha","family":"Khanna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Reading  Reading RG6 6UB UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip R.","family":"Dash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Reading  Reading RG6 6UB UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippa D.","family":"Darbre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Reading  Reading RG6 6UB UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Final amended report on the safety assessment of methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, isopropylparaben, butylparaben, isobutylpraben and benzylparaben as used in cosmetic products","volume":"27","author":"Andersen FA","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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