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Once ingested, DON first and foremost targets epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract, whose proper functioning, as the first line of defence, is of paramount importance for the host's health. Emerging evidences, summarized in this article, suggest that DON produces its toxicity primarily via activation of the mitogen\u2010activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signalling pathway and alteration in the expression of genes responsible for key physiological and immunological functions of the intestinal tissue of chickens and pigs. The activation of MAPKs signalling cascade results in disruption of the gut barrier function and an increase in the permeability by reducing expression of the tight junction proteins. Exposure to DON also down\u2010regulates the expression of multiple transporter systems in the enterocytes with subsequent impairment of the absorption of key nutrients. Other major intestinal cytotoxic effects of DON described herein are modulation of mucosal immune responses, leading to immunosupression or stimulation of local immune cells and cytokine release, and also facilitation of the persistence of intestinal pathogens in the gut. Both of the last events potentiate enteric infections and local inflammation in pigs and poultry, rendering enterocytes and the host more vulnerable to luminal toxic compounds. This review highlights the cytotoxic risks associated with the intake of even low levels of DON and also identifies gaps of knowledge that need to be addressed by future research. Copyright \u00a9 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,28]],"date-time":"2014-10-28T21:16:53Z","timestamp":1414531013000},"page":"327-337","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":162,"title":["Impacts of the feed contaminant deoxynivalenol on the intestine of monogastric animals: poultry and swine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Khaled","family":"Ghareeb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna  1210 Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department of Animal Hygiene, Behaviour and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine South Valley University  83523 Qena Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wageha A.","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Hygiene, Behaviour and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine South Valley University  83523 Qena Egypt"},{"name":"Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna  1210 Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"B\u00f6hm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna  1210 Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qendrim","family":"Zebeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna  1210 Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Deoxynivalenol predisposes for necrotic enteritis by affecting the intestinal barrier in broilers","author":"Antonissen G","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2004.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/83.12.1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/84.6.921"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2005.00616.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins5050912"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01742"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088028"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2013.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425914521648"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/85.6.974"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2007.00689.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2007.00709.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/84.6.928"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2011.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-014-1284-1289"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12550-011-0106-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_19_1","first-page":"279","volume-title":"Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins: Developments in Chemistry, Toxicology and Food Safety","author":"Binder EM","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_20_1","unstructured":"BinderEM HeidlerD SchatzmayrG ThimmN.2000a.A novel feed additive to counteract trichothecene toxicosis in pig production. 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