{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T03:19:11Z","timestamp":1792293551966,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":184,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,23]],"date-time":"2015-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cosmetics, preparations repeatedly applied directly to the human skin, mucous membranes, hair and nails, should be safe for health, however, recently there has been increasing concern about their safety. Unfortunately, using these products in some cases is related to the occurrence of unfavourable effects resulting from intentional or the accidental presence of chemical substances, including toxic metals. Heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic and nickel, as well as aluminium, classified as a light metal, are detected in various types of cosmetics (colour cosmetics, face and body care products, hair cosmetics, herbal cosmetics, etc.). In addition, necessary, but harmful when they occur in excessive amounts, elements such as copper, iron, chromium and cobalt are also present in cosmetic products. Metals occurring in cosmetics may undergo retention and act directly in the skin or be absorbed through the skin into the blood, accumulate in the body and exert toxic effects in various organs. Some cases of topical (mainly allergic contact dermatitis) and systemic effects owing to exposure to metals present in cosmetics have been reported. Literature data show that in commercially available cosmetics toxic metals may be present in amounts creating a danger to human health. Thus, the present review article focused on the problems related to the presence of heavy metals and aluminium in cosmetics, including their sources, concentrations and law regulations as well as danger for the health of these products users. Owing to the growing usage of cosmetics it is necessary to pay special attention to these problems. Copyright \u00a9 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,24]],"date-time":"2015-03-24T15:26:33Z","timestamp":1427210793000},"page":"551-572","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":308,"title":["Metals in cosmetics: implications for human health"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Sylwia","family":"Borowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology Medical University of Bialystok  Adama Mickiewicza 2C Street 15\u2010222 Bialystok Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata M.","family":"Brz\u00f3ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology Medical University of Bialystok  Adama Mickiewicza 2C Street 15\u2010222 Bialystok Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-008-9201-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","article-title":"Consumer awarness of health risks of arsenic, cadmium, chromium and lead present in cosmetic and personal care products in Dubai","volume":"3","author":"Abdulla NN","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Community Med. Health Educ."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Skin\u2010lightening practices and mercury exposure in the Somali community","volume":"96","author":"Adawe A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Minn. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","first-page":"16360","article-title":"Evaluation of the concentration of toxic metals in cosmetic products in Nigeria","volume":"11","author":"Adepoju\u2010Bello AA","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Safety of aluminium from dietary intake. Scientific opinion of the panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and food contact materials (AFC)","volume":"754","author":"Aguilar F","year":"2008","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Lead encephalopathy in a Bahraini infant","volume":"15","author":"Al Mahroos F","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bahrain Med. Bull."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Screening for blood lead levels in Basrah, Southern Iraq","volume":"19","author":"Al Naama LM","year":"2010","journal-title":"Qatar Med. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2003.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Human exposure to heavy metals from cosmetics","volume":"27","author":"Al\u2010Dayel O","year":"2011","journal-title":"Orient. J. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"Determination of different heavy metals concentrations in cosmetics purchased from the Palestinian markets by ICP\/MS","volume":"5","author":"Al\u2010Qutob MA","year":"2013","journal-title":"AES Bioflux"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2009.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","first-page":"192","article-title":"Determination of heavy metals concentration in hair pomades on the Ghanaian market using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Technique","volume":"2","author":"Amartey EO","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2011.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2008.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/729430"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) methodology for trace element determination in eye shadow and lipstick","volume":"30","author":"Atz VL","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atom. Spectrosc."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-009-9867-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02772240902830680"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2009.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","first-page":"467","article-title":"Determination of heavy metal contents in samples of medicinal herbs","volume":"11","author":"Baranowska I","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pol. J. Environ. Stud."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2005.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-010-1333-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.04.023","article-title":"Determination of trace elements in Croatian floral honey originating from different region","volume":"128","author":"Biland\u017ei\u0107 N","year":"2001","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2007.04.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","first-page":"775","article-title":"Ocena zawarto\u015bci kadmu i o\u0142owiu w naturalnych miodach pszczelich z regionu Podlasia","volume":"45","author":"Borawska MH","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bromat. Chem. Toksykol."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962012000200012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02772248.2011.633911"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00032719.2013.814056"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(09)60321-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","first-page":"424","article-title":"Epidemiologic notes and reports elemental mercury poisoning in a household \u2013 Ohio, 1989","volume":"39","author":"CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)","year":"1990","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Lead poisoning associated with use of litargirio \u2013 Rhode Island, 2003","volume":"54","author":"CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)","year":"2005","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","first-page":"574","article-title":"Infant lead poisoning associated with the use of tiro, an eye cosmetic from Nigeria \u2013 Boston, Massachusetts, 2011","volume":"61","author":"CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Mercury exposure among household users and nonusers of skin\u2010lightening creams produced in Mexico \u2013 California and Virginia, 2010","volume":"61","author":"CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","first-page":"917","article-title":"Childhood lead exposure associated with the use of kajal, an eye cosmetic from Afghanistan \u2013 Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2013","volume":"62","author":"CDC (Centers for disease control and prevention)","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","unstructured":"CDC (Centers for disease control and prevention).2013b.Standard surveillance definitions and classifications.http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nceh\/lead\/data\/definitions.htm[2 September 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","first-page":"967","volume":"62","author":"CDC (Centers for disease control and prevention)","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcq209"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.03978.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","first-page":"92","article-title":"Determination of lead and cadmium in cosmetic products","volume":"2","author":"Chauhan AS","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chem. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","first-page":"381","article-title":"Determination of chromium and nickel in commercial foam bath products by ETA\u2010AAS","volume":"32","author":"Ciaralli L","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Ist. Super. Sanita"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2012.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.05.092"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","first-page":"130","article-title":"Measurement of nickel, cobalt and chromium in toy make\u2010up by atomic absorption spectroscopy","volume":"89","author":"Corazza M","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Final report on the safety assessment of Aloe Andongensis extract, Aloe Andongensis leaf juice, Aloe Arborescens leaf extract, Aloe Arborescens leaf juice, Aloe Arborescens leaf protoplasts, Aloe Barbadensis flower extract, Aloe Barbadensis leaf, Aloe Barbadensis leaf extract, Aloe Barbadensis leaf juice, Aloe Barbadensis leaf polysaccharides, Aloe Barbadensis leaf water, Aloe Ferox leaf extract, Aloe Ferox leaf juice, and Aloe Ferox leaf juice extract","volume":"20","author":"Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000348706"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.899"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1135"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2013.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3027"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-8-41"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Study of heavy metal contents in facial cosmetics obtained from open markets and superstores within Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria","volume":"1","author":"Faruruwa MD","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Chem. App."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10967-005-0675-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_1","unstructured":"FDA (Food and Drug Administration).2007.CFR \u2013 Code of Federal Regulations title 21. Lead acetate.http:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cdrh\/cfdocs\/cfCFR\/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=73.2396[21 July 2014]."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_1","unstructured":"FDA (Food and Drug Administration).2009.Product and ingredient safety: Hair dye products.http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/Cosmetics\/ProductandIngredientSafety\/ProductInfor\u2010mation\/ucm143066.htm[20 December 2012]"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_1","unstructured":"FDA (Food and Drug Administration).2013.CFR \u2013 Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Use of mercury compounds in cosmetics including use as skin bleaching agents in cosmetic preparations also regarded as drugs.http:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cdrh\/cfdocs\/cfCFR\/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=700.13&SearchTerm=Mercury[21 July 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_58_1","unstructured":"FDA (Food and Drug Administration).2014.Lipstick and lead: questions and answers.http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/Cosmetics?ProductsandIngredientSafety\/ProductInformation\/ucml137224.htm[10 April 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_59_1","first-page":"480","article-title":"Determination of some micro\u2010 and macroelements in preparations made from peppermint and nettle leaves","volume":"58","author":"Fija\u0142ek Z","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000235554"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_62_1","first-page":"21","volume":"2","author":"Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Hydrogenated Cottonseed Oil, Cottonseed (Gossypium) Oil, Cottonseed Acid, Cottonseed Glyceride, and Hydrogenated Cottonseed Glyceride","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(00)00118-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_64_1","unstructured":"FOE\u2010Australia.2014.Beauty industry backs high risk small particles: Controversial nano\u2010ingredients found in big name brands.www.nanolawreport.com\/uploads\/file\/FOE\u2010AustraliaCosmetics Report.pdf available 15 December 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_65_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Facial eczema due to colour pigments in foundation makeup in nickel sensitive patients","volume":"55","author":"Foulds IS","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-007-9783-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_67_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Current findings on the heavy metal content in herbal drugs","volume":"1","author":"Gasser U","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmeur. Sci. Notes"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03179.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.51.007395"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GondalMA MagandaYW DastageerMA Al\u2010AdelFF NaqviAA QahtanTF.2013.Development of a laser induced breakdown sensor for detecting of carcinogenic chemicals in cosmetic products (conference paper). High Capacity Optical Networks and Emerging\/Enabling Technologies.HONET CNS84\u201387.","DOI":"10.1109\/HONET.2013.6729762"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.53.001636"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.10.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_73_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Contact allergic reactions on the eyes and the eyelids","volume":"292","author":"Goossens A","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Belge Ophthalmol."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-012-0235-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.07.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2010.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2012.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203909058"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1366\/11-06407"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(00)00812-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02652030601185071"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_82_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Availability and chemical composition of traditional eye cosmetics (\u201ekohls\u201d) used in the United Arab Emirates of Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al\u2010Quwaim, Ras Al\u2010Khaimah and Fujairah","volume":"57","author":"Hardy AD","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_83_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Composition of eye cosmetics (kohls) used in Cairo","volume":"76","author":"Hardy AD","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_84_1","unstructured":"HC\u2010SC (Health Canada\u2010Sant\u00e9 Canada).2012.Consumer product safety. Guidance on heavy metal impurities in cosmetics.http:\/\/www.hc\u2010sc.gc.ca\/cps\u2010spc\/pubs\/indust\/heavy_metals\u2010metaux_lourds\/index\u2010eng.php[10 April 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1077492"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/24.1.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00257-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-009-1228-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_89_1","first-page":"92","article-title":"Direct determination of toxic trace metals in honey and sugars using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry","volume":"65","author":"Ioannidou MD","year":"2005","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.02.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2006.00845.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2006.00812.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104494"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_94_1","first-page":"1003","article-title":"Determination of lead, cadmium, chromium and nickel in different brands of lipsticks","volume":"2","author":"Khalid A","year":"2013","journal-title":"IJBPAS"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2012.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6673-3-26"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_97_1","volume-title":"Antiperspirants and Deodorants","author":"Laden K","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_98_1","first-page":"549","article-title":"Dermal toxicity and percutaneous absorption of cadmium in rats and mice","volume":"46","author":"Lansdown ABG","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lab. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2007.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_100_1","first-page":"441","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of heavy metals in cosmetic products","volume":"59","author":"Lee SM","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07571009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2011.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205518"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_104_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"Lead levels in powders of surma (kohl) in Kerman","volume":"17","author":"Malakootian M","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Kerman Univ. Med. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1641"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1384"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002396"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2013.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_109_1","unstructured":"MHLW.Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare Notification no. 331 of 2000. Japan.2000.http:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/file\/06\u2010Seisakujouhou\u201011120000Iyakushokuhinkyoku\/0000032704.pdf[18 August 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-3589-6_9","article-title":"Effects of soil pH and aluminium on plant respiration. Advances in photosyntheis and respiration","volume":"18","author":"Minocha R","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Respir."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70532-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_112_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Modeling of the distribution of heavy metals and trace elements in argan forest soil and parts of argan tree","volume":"8","author":"Mohammed FA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1494"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfr148"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_115_1","article-title":"Determination and safety assessment of lead and cadmium in eye shadows purchased in local market Tehran","volume":"3","author":"Mousavi Z","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Environ. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_116_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"Cosmetics consumption of females \u2013 a case study on girls students of S.R.T.M University, Nanded","volume":"1","author":"Mudholkar BS","year":"2012","journal-title":"IJRRBP"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2005.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02772248.2011.577075"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_119_1","first-page":"1133","article-title":"Trace metal contents of facial (make\u2010up) cosmetics commonly used in Nigeria","volume":"4","author":"Nnorm IC","year":"2005","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/jas.2006.2907.2911"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_121_1","article-title":"Assessment of lead and cadmium levels in frequently used cosmetic products in Iran","volume":"2012","author":"Nourmoradi H","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Environ. Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2006.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcs.12061"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_124_1","unstructured":"OJEC (Official Journal of the European Communities).1993.Council Directive 93\/35\/EEC of 14 June 1993 amending for the sixth time Directive 76\/768\/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic products. eur\u2010lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1993:151:0032:0037:EN:PDF[11 April 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_125_1","unstructured":"OJEU (Official Journal of the European Union).2009.Regulation (EC) No 1223\/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on cosmetic products. eur\u2010lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:342:0059:0209:en:PDF[10 April 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1508"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_127_1","first-page":"16512","article-title":"Metal analyses of ash derived alkalis from banana and plantain peels (Musa spp.) in soap making","volume":"11","author":"Oluremi Olabanji I","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_128_1","first-page":"76","article-title":"Heavy metals assessment of some eye shadow products imported into Nigerian from China","volume":"2","author":"Omolaoye A","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Appl. Sci. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_129_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Potentially toxic metals exposure from body creams sold in Lagos, Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"Onwordi CT","year":"2011","journal-title":"Researcher"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/959637"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_131_1","first-page":"1169","volume-title":"Microbial Pathogens and Strategies for Combating Them: Science, Technology and Education","author":"Otto CC","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/tasr.2011.622.639"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2008.01460.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-100102383"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf020804t"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_136_1","unstructured":"Perkin Elmer.2012.The determination of metals in cosmetics.http:\/\/www.perkinelmer.com\/CMSResources\/Images\/44\u2010132749APP_Metalsin CosmeticsELANICP\u2010MS.pdf [10 April 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2012.11.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2012.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_139_1","first-page":"637","article-title":"Heavy metal content and antimicrobial activities of some naturally occuring facial cosmetics in Nigeria","volume":"15","author":"Popoola OE","year":"2013","journal-title":"IJS"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2138017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1775"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2007.00183.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.99016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/SSP.201.211"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_145_1","unstructured":"Report for International Cooperation on Cosmetic Regulations (ICCR).2011.Principles for the handling of traces of impurities and or contaminants in cosmetic products.http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/consumers\/sectors\/cosmetics\/files\/pdf\/iccr5_contaminants_en.pdf[10 April 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_146_1","first-page":"295","article-title":"Wp\u0142yw stanu toksykologicznego miodu na poziom kumulacji wybranych pierwiastk\u00f3w \u015bladowych w organizmie pszczo\u0142y miodnej (Apis mellifera L.)","volume":"1","author":"Roman A","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Agrophys."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_147_1","unstructured":"SahRC.2012.The problem of lead in lipsticks in Nepal. CEPHEDhttp:\/\/www.no\u2010burn.org\/downloads\/CEPHED2012LeadinLipstick\u2010finalprint.pdf [11 April 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2000.042001005.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(00)00864-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1793"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_151_1","first-page":"158","article-title":"Percutaneous penetration of metals and their effects on skin","volume":"2","author":"Sartorelli P","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prevent. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajcd.2000.18398"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_153_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Lead poisoning encephalopathy in infants in Kuwait","volume":"1","author":"Shaltout A","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Pediatr."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2007.12.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_155_1","first-page":"329","article-title":"Large\u2010scale mercury exposure due to a cream cosmetic: community\u2010wide case series","volume":"9","author":"Sin KW","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la100793u"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_157_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"Copper and calcium uptake in colored hair","volume":"60","author":"Smart KE","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2012.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-12-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2003.50017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(94)90297-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(99)00123-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_163_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"AAS estimation of heavy metals and trace elements in Indian herbal cosmetic preparations","volume":"2","author":"Sukender K","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. J. Chem. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15428110208984751"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_165_1","first-page":"316","article-title":"Minimal change disease following exposure to mercury\u2010containing skin lightening cream","volume":"12","author":"Tang HL","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_166_1","first-page":"326","article-title":"Minimal change disease caused by exposure to mercury\u2010containing skin lightening cream: a report of 4 cases","volume":"79","author":"Tang HL","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Nephrol."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clay.2009.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.04.093"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000247786"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01960.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabic.2013.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_172_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Analysis of metals in some cosmetic products in FCT \u2013 Abuja, Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"Umar MA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1981.tb04052.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2011.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2011.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2004.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)92462-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5584.117-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_179_1","first-page":"2187","article-title":"Effects of hair dyeing on the heavy metals content in hair","volume":"28","author":"Wei ZL","year":"2008","journal-title":"Guang Pu Xue Guang Pu Fen Xi"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ewjm.173.1.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_181_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2007.WHO Guidelines for Assessing Quality of Herbal Medicines with References to Contaminants and Residues. WHO Geneva Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2970","DOI":"10.19026\/rjaset.7.628","article-title":"Radiological and toxic assessment of Nigerian kohl as cosmetic compared with imported kohl cosmetics","volume":"7","author":"Zakari IY","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.34705"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05224.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094484"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjat.3129","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jat.3129","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T10:08:05Z","timestamp":1760522885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jat.3129"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,23]]},"references-count":184,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jat.3129"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jat.3129","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0260-437X","1099-1263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0260-437X","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,23]]}}}