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Cyto\u2010genotoxic and inflammatory effects induced by Co<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> NPs were investigated in human alveolar (A549), and bronchial (BEAS\u20102B) cells exposed to 1\u201340 \u00b5g ml<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>. The physicochemical properties of tested NPs were analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Cytotoxicity was studied to analyze cell viability (WST1 test) and membrane damage (LDH assay), direct\/oxidative DNA damage was assessed by the Formamido\u2010pyrimidine glycosylase (Fpg)\u2010modified comet assay and inflammation by interleukin (IL)\u20106, IL\u20108 and tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1) release (ELISA). In A549 cells, no cytotoxicity was found, whereas BEAS\u20102B cells showed a viability reduction at 40 \u00b5g ml<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> and early membrane damage at 1, 5 and 40 \u00b5g ml\u20131. In A549 cells, direct and oxidative DNA damage at 20 and 40 \u00b5g ml<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> were detected without any effects on cytokine release. In BEAS\u20102B cells, significant direct DNA damage at 40 \u00b5g ml<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> and significant oxidative DNA damage with a peak at 5 \u00b5g ml<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>, that was associated with increased TNF\u2010\u03b1 release at 1 \u00b5g ml<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> after 2 h and increased IL\u20108 release at 20 \u00b5g ml<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> after 24 h, were detected. The findings show in the transformed alveolar cells no cytotoxicity and genotoxic\/oxidative effects at 20 and 40 \u00b5g ml<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>. In normal bronchial cells, moderate cytotoxicity, direct DNA damage only at the highest concentration and significant oxidative\u2010inflammatory effects at lower concentrations were detected. The findings confirm the genotoxic\u2010oxidative potential of Co<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> NPs and show greater sensitivity of BEAS\u20102B cells to cytotoxic and oxidative\u2010inflammatory effects suggesting the use of different cell lines and multiple end\u2010points to elucidate Co<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> NPs toxicity. Copyright \u00a9 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,13]],"date-time":"2015-03-13T13:24:51Z","timestamp":1426253091000},"page":"1102-1113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Investigation on cobalt\u2010oxide nanoparticles cyto\u2010genotoxicity and inflammatory response in two types of respiratory cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Delia","family":"Cavallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INAIL \u2013 Italian Workers\u2019 Compensation Authority \u2013 Research Area Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene  via Fontana Candida 1 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aureliano","family":"Ciervo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INAIL \u2013 Italian Workers\u2019 Compensation Authority \u2013 Research Area Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene  via Fontana Candida 1 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Fresegna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INAIL \u2013 Italian Workers\u2019 Compensation Authority \u2013 Research Area Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene  via Fontana Candida 1 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Maiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INAIL \u2013 Italian Workers\u2019 Compensation Authority \u2013 Research Area Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene  via Fontana Candida 1 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Tassone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INAIL \u2013 Italian Workers\u2019 Compensation Authority \u2013 Research Area Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene  via Fontana Candida 1 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliana","family":"Buresti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INAIL \u2013 Italian Workers\u2019 Compensation Authority \u2013 Research Area Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene  via Fontana Candida 1 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Casciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INAIL \u2013 Italian Workers\u2019 Compensation Authority \u2013 Research Area Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene  via Fontana Candida 1 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Iavicoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INAIL \u2013 Italian Workers\u2019 Compensation Authority \u2013 Research Area Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene  via Fontana Candida 1 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia Lucia","family":"Ursini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INAIL \u2013 Italian Workers\u2019 Compensation Authority \u2013 Research Area Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene  via Fontana Candida 1 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Oxidative stress contributes to cobalt oxide nanoparticles\u2010induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in human hepatocarcinoma cells","volume":"8","author":"Alarifi S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. 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