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This study aims to understand the impact of AgNPs on the early developmental stages in zebrafish (<jats:italic>Danio rerio<\/jats:italic>) embryos. Embryos were exposed to two sizes of AgNPs at three dose levels, as well to free Ag<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> ions, for a range of 4\u201396\u2009h post\u2010fertilization (hpf). The acute exposure study showed that exposure to AgNPs affected the neurological development, and the exposed embryos exhibited anomalies such as small head with hypoplastic hindbrain, small eye and cardiac defects. At the molecular level, AgNPs altered the expression profiles of neural development\u2010related genes (<jats:italic>gfap<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>huC<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ngn1<\/jats:italic>), metal\u2010sensitive metallothioneins and <jats:italic>ABCC<\/jats:italic> genes in exposed embryos. The expression of <jats:italic>AhR2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cyp1A<\/jats:italic>, which are usually considered to mediate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon toxicity, were also significantly changed. A size\u2010dependent uptake of AgNPs was observed, whereby 4\u2009nm AgNPs were more efficiently taken up compared with the 10\u2009nm\u2010sized particles. Importantly, the head area accumulated AgNPs more efficiently than the trunk area of exposed zebrafish embryos. No free Ag<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> ions, which can be potentially released from the AgNP solutions, were detected. This study suggests that AgNPs could affect the neural development of zebrafish embryos, and the toxicity of AgNPs may be partially attributed to the comparatively higher uptake in the head area. These results indicate the potential neurotoxicity of AgNPs and could be extended to other aquatic organisms. 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