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Consequently, potent plant toxins including dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids and other potential carcinogens can contaminate these products. As herbal and food supplement producers are left to their own means to determine the safety and purity of their products prior to marketing, disturbingly often good marketing practices currently in place are ignored and content is largely undocumented. Historical examples of poisoning and health issues relating to plant material containing dehydopyrrolizidine alkaloids and aristolochic acids were used as examples to demonstrate the risk and potential toxicity of herbal products, food supplements, or traditional medicines. More work is needed to educate consumers of the potential risk and require the industry to be more responsible to verify the content and insure the safety of their products. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,7]],"date-time":"2015-07-07T08:38:34Z","timestamp":1436258314000},"page":"1433-1437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Safety concerns of herbal products and traditional Chinese herbal medicines: dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids and aristolochic acid"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Bryan L.","family":"Stegelmeier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture\/Agriculture Research Service Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory  Logan UT 84341 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ammon W.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture\/Agriculture Research Service Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory  Logan UT 84341 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin D.","family":"Welch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture\/Agriculture Research Service Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory  Logan UT 84341 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/17.4.265"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"BfR.2011.Chemical analysis and toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and assessment of the health risk posed by their occurrence in honey German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) opinion no. 038 11 pgs."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3120"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(94)90368-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233706071765"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Horse Poisoning with Aristolochic clematitis (in Croatian)","author":"Dumic A","year":"1954"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2010.547520"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx500403t"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","volume-title":"Public Statement on the Use of Herbal Medicinal Products Containing Toxic, Unsaturated Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs)","author":"European Medicines Agency","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2011.2406"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"FSANZ.2001.Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food. 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