{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T03:38:24Z","timestamp":1792381104814,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]],"date-time":"2015-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Danish Council for Independent Research, Science Technology and Innovation","award":["11-116256 to SB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11-116256 to SB"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aquatic pollutants are often biologically active at low concentrations and impact on biota in combination with other abiotic stressors. Traditional toxicity tests may not detect these effects, and there is a need for sensitive high\u2010throughput methods for detecting sublethal effects. We have evaluated an automated infra\u2010red (IR) light\u2010based monitor for recording the swimming activity of <jats:italic>Daphnia magna<\/jats:italic> to establish temporal patterns of toxicant effects on an individual level. Activity was recorded for 48 h and the sensitivity of the monitor was evaluated by exposing <jats:italic>D. magna<\/jats:italic> to the reference chemicals K<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>Cr<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub> at 15, 20 and 25 \u00b0C and 2,4\u2010dichlorophenol at 20 \u00b0C. Significant effects (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) of toxicant concentrations, exposure time and incubation temperatures were observed. At 15 \u00b0C, the swimming activity remained unchanged for 48 h at sublethal concentrations of K<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>Cr<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub> whereas activity at 20 and 25 \u00b0C was more biphasic with decreases in activity occurring after 12\u201318 h. A similar biphasic pattern was observed after 2,4\u2010dichlorophenol exposure at 20 \u00b0C. EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values for 2,4\u2010dichlorophenol and K<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>Cr<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub> determined from automated recording of swimming activity showed increasing toxicity with time corresponding to decreases in EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of 0.03\u20130.07 mg l<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> h<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>. EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values determined after 48 h were comparable or lower than EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values based on visual inspection according to ISO 6341. The results demonstrated that the swimming activity monitor is capable of detecting sublethal behavioural effects that are toxicant and temperature dependent. The method allows EC values to be established at different time points and can serve as a high\u2010throughput screening tool in toxicity testing. Copyright \u00a9 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]],"date-time":"2015-07-21T07:09:49Z","timestamp":1437462589000},"page":"896-902","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Automated swimming activity monitor for examining temporal patterns of toxicant effects on individual <i>Daphnia magna<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"Bahrndorff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science Aalborg University  Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas Yssing","family":"Michaelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science Aalborg University  Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science Aalborg University  Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurits Faarup","family":"Marcussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science Aalborg University  Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majken Elley","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science Aalborg University  Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Roslev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science Aalborg University  Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2011.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1673\/031.012.7101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-445X(98)00080-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2856"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-014-1413-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proenv.2012.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(03)00249-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/19.10.1537"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620110409"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","volume-title":"Ecology, Epidemiology and Evolution of Parasitism in Daphnia","author":"Ebert D","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10807030701340839"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02987506"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-005-1259-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Effect of potassium dichromate on the survival and reproduction of Daphnia magna","volume":"1","author":"Gopi RA","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bull. 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