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In particular, in the treatment of the most malignant astrocytic tumor glioblastoma, the use of magnetic nanoparticles seems to be one of the most promising keys in overcoming this problem, namely by means of magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) treatment. However, the major unknown issue related to the use of nanoparticles is their toxicological behavior when they are in contact with biological tissues. In the present study, we investigated the interaction of glioblastoma and other tumor cell lines with superparamagnetic iron\u2010oxide nanoparticles covalently coated with a rhamnose derivative, using proper cytotoxic assays. In the present study, we focused our attention on different strategies of toxicity evaluation comparing different cytotoxicological approaches in order to identify the biological damages induced by the nanoparticles. The data show an intensive internalization process of rhamnose\u2010coated iron oxide nanoparticles by the cells, suggesting that rhamnose moiety is a promising biocompatible coating in favoring cells\u2019 uptake. With regards to cytotoxicity, a 35% cell death at a maximum concentration, mainly as a result of mitochondrial damages, was found. This cytotoxic behavior, along with the high uptake ability, could facilitate the use of these rhamnose\u2010coated iron\u2010oxide nanoparticles for future MFH therapeutic treatments. Copyright \u00a9 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,28]],"date-time":"2015-12-28T01:20:47Z","timestamp":1451265647000},"page":"510-520","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Rhamnose\u2010coated superparamagnetic iron\u2010oxide nanoparticles: an evaluation of their <i>in vitro<\/i> cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Paolini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital\u2010IRCCS Gene Expression \u2013 Microarrays Laboratory  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnology \u2019Lazzaro Spallanzani\u2018 University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constan\u00e7a Porredon","family":"Guarch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology (UTOX\u2010CERETOX) Barcelona Science Park  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ramos\u2010L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology (UTOX\u2010CERETOX) Barcelona Science Park  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"de Lapuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology (UTOX\u2010CERETOX) Barcelona Science Park  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Lascialfari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica and INSTM Unit Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano  Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannick","family":"Guari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICGM \u2010 UMR5253\u2010 Equipe IMNO Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier  Montpellier CEDEX 5 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joulia","family":"Larionova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICGM \u2010 UMR5253\u2010 Equipe IMNO Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier  Montpellier CEDEX 5 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICGM \u2010 UMR5253\u2010 Equipe IMNO Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier  Montpellier CEDEX 5 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Nano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnology \u2019Lazzaro Spallanzani\u2018 University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2293021215"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.970"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"BR52","article-title":"Barrier functionality and transport machineries of human ECV304 cells","volume":"16","author":"Barar J","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. 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