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We aimed to establish cannabis\u2019 effects on driving longitudinal control (with and without alcohol, drivers\u2019 most common drug combination) relative to psychoactive \u2206<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) blood concentrations. Current occasional (\u22651\u00d7\/last 3\u2009months, \u22643\u2009days per week) cannabis smokers drank placebo or low\u2010dose alcohol, and inhaled 500\u2009mg placebo, low (2.9%), or high (6.7%) THC vaporized cannabis over 10\u2009min <jats:italic>ad libitum<\/jats:italic> in separate sessions (within\u2010subject, six conditions). Participants drove (National Advanced Driving Simulator, University of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Iowa<\/jats:styled-content>) simulated drives 0.5\u20131.3\u2009h post\u2010inhalation. Blood and breath alcohol samples were collected before (0.17 and 0.42\u2009h) and after (1.4 and 2.3\u2009h) driving. We evaluated the mean speed (relative to limit), standard deviation (SD) of speed, percent time spent &gt;10% above\/below the speed limit (percent speed high\/percent speed low), longitudinal acceleration, and ability to maintain headway relative to a lead vehicle (headway maintenance) against blood THC and breath alcohol concentrations (BrAC). In <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>=18 completing drivers, THC was associated with a decreased mean speed, increased percent speed low and increased mean following distance during headway maintenance. BrAC was associated with increased SD speed and increased percent speed high, whereas THC was not. Neither was associated with altered longitudinal acceleration. A less\u2010than\u2010additive THC*BrAC interaction was detected in percent speed high (considering only non\u2010zero data and excluding an outlying drive event), suggesting cannabis mitigated drivers\u2019 tendency to drive faster with alcohol. Cannabis was associated with slower driving and greater headway, suggesting a possible awareness of impairment and attempt to compensate. Copyright \u00a9 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]],"date-time":"2016-02-18T17:10:46Z","timestamp":1455815446000},"page":"1418-1429","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Cannabis effects on driving longitudinal control with and without alcohol"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Hartman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH  251 Bayview Boulevard Street, 200 Rm 05A721 Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy L.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Advanced Driving Simulator University of Iowa  2401 Oakdale Boulevard Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Milavetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Spurgin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell S.","family":"Pierce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VariableSolutions, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Gorelick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Gaffney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn A.","family":"Huestis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH  251 Bayview Boulevard Street, 200 Rm 05A721 Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0959523031000154454"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2010.10399782"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e536"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2005.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"Traffic Safety Facts: Research Note. 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