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We aimed to determine the effects of low\u2010dose BaP administration on allergic airway inflammation and mediastinal lymph node (MLN) cell activation\/proliferation in mice. Male C3H\/HeJ mice were intratracheally administered ovalbumin (OVA) every 2\u2009weeks and\/or BaP (0, 0.05, 1 and 20 pmol per animal per week) once per week for 6\u2009weeks. The cellular profile of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, histological changes, inflammatory cytokines\/chemokines in the lungs, OVA\u2010specific immunoglobulin (Ig) in serum and MLN cell activation\/proliferation were examined. BaP administration of 20 pmol with OVA enhanced neutrophil and macrophage accumulation in the lungs. Compared with OVA administration, BaP administration with OVA tended to enhance pulmonary eosinophilia and goblet cell hyperplasia. Furthermore, it increased the levels of interleukin (IL)\u20105, IL\u201013, IL\u201033, monocyte chemoattractant protein\u20101 and eotaxin in the lungs, and OVA\u2010specific IgG<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> in serum, although not dose\u2010dependently. Compared with the vehicle group, IL\u20106 and tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha levels were higher in the OVA\u2009+\u20091 pmol BaP group and IL\u201012 production was higher in the OVA\u2009+\u200920 pmol BaP group. <jats:italic>Ex vivo<\/jats:italic> studies showed that co\u2010exposure to OVA and BaP activated the MHC class II and CD86 expression in MLN cells. Exposure to BaP with OVA increased IL\u20104, IL\u20105 and interferon gamma levels in culture supernatants of OVA\u2010re\u2010stimulated MLN cells. In conclusion, low\u2010dose BaP can, at least in part, enhance allergic airway inflammation by facilitating Th2 responses and activating MLN cells; a high BaP dose may contribute to activating both Th1 and Th2 responses. 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