{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T05:23:23Z","timestamp":1789363403488,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,15]],"date-time":"2016-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>When searching for alternative methods to animal testing, confidently rescaling an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> result to the corresponding <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> classification is still a challenging problem. Although one of the most important factors affecting good correlation is sample characteristics, they are very rarely integrated into correlation studies. Usually, in these studies, it is implicitly assumed that both compared values are error\u2010free numbers, which they are not. In this work, we propose a general methodology to analyze and integrate data variability and thus confidence estimation when rescaling from one test to another. The methodology is demonstrated through the case study of rescaling the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA) reactivity to the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) skin sensitization potency classifications. In a first step, a comprehensive statistical analysis evaluating the reliability and variability of LLNA and DPRA as such was done. These results allowed us to link the concept of gray zones and confidence probability, which in turn represents a new perspective for a more precise knowledge of the classification of chemicals within their <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> OR <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> test. Next, the novelty and practical value of our methodology introducing variability into the threshold optimization between the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> AND <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> test resides in the fact that it attributes a confidence probability to the predicted classification. The methodology, classification and screening approach presented in this study are not restricted to skin sensitization only. They could be helpful also for fate, toxicity and health hazard assessment where plenty of <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in chemico<\/jats:italic> assays and\/or QSARs models are available. Copyright \u00a9 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,15]],"date-time":"2016-04-15T07:23:14Z","timestamp":1460704994000},"page":"1568-1578","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Accounting for data variability, a key factor in <i>in vivo\/in vitro<\/i> relationships: application to the skin sensitization potency (<i>in vivo<\/i> LLNA versus <i>in vitro<\/i> DPRA) example"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Dimitrov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Mathematical Chemistry University \u201cProf. As. Zlatarov\u201d  8010 Bourgas Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Detroyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L'Oreal R&amp;I  Aulnay\u2010sous\u2010Bois France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Piroird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L'Oreal R&amp;I  Aulnay\u2010sous\u2010Bois France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L'Oreal R&amp;I  Aulnay\u2010sous\u2010Bois France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Eilstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L'Oreal R&amp;I  Aulnay\u2010sous\u2010Bois France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Pauloin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L'Oreal R&amp;I  Aulnay\u2010sous\u2010Bois France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Kuseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Mathematical Chemistry University \u201cProf. As. 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