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We performed a review focusing on how anthophyllite toxicity was understood over time by conducting a comprehensive search of publicly available documents that discussed the use, mining, properties, toxicity, exposure and potential health effects of anthophyllite. Over 200 documents were identified; 114 contained relevant and useful information which we present chronologically in this assessment. Our analysis confirms that anthophyllite toxicity has not been well studied compared to other asbestos types. We found that toxicology studies in animals from the 1970s onward have indicated that, at sufficient doses, anthophyllite can cause asbestosis, lung cancer and mesothelioma. Studies of Finnish anthophyllite miners, conducted in the 1970s, found an increased incidence of asbestosis and lung cancer, but not mesothelioma. Not until the mid\u20101990s was an epidemiological link with mesothelioma in humans observed. Its presence in talc has been of recent significance in relation to potential asbestos exposure through the use of talc\u2010containing products. Characterizing the health risks of anthophyllite is difficult, and distinguishing between its asbestiform and non\u2010asbestiform mineral form is essential from both a toxicological and regulatory perspective. Anthophyllite toxicity has generally been assumed to be similar to other amphiboles from a regulatory standpoint, but some notable exceptions exist. In order to reach a more clear understanding of anthophyllite toxicity, significant additional study is needed. Copyright \u00a9 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]],"date-time":"2016-07-11T04:11:00Z","timestamp":1468210260000},"page":"38-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Anthophyllite asbestos: state of the science review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Shannon H.","family":"Gaffney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardno ChemRisk  San Francisco CA 94105 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Grespin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardno ChemRisk  Boulder CO 80301 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsey","family":"Garnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardno ChemRisk  San Francisco CA 94105 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek A.","family":"Drechsel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardno ChemRisk  Boulder CO 80301 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Hazan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan, School of Public Health  Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis J.","family":"Paustenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardno ChemRisk  Jackson WY 83002 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooke D.","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardno ChemRisk  San Francisco CA 94105 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"TLVs Threshold Limit Values for chemical substances and physical agents in the workroom environment with intended changes for 1978","author":"ACGIH","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"ACGIH.1978b.Transactions Of The Fortieth Annual Meeting of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. 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