{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T22:51:40Z","timestamp":1773183100089,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006120","name":"Ministry of the Environment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["n.d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n.d"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006120","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The absorption of cadmium (Cd) may lead to Cd\u2010related diseases such as renal tubular dysfunction and bone disease, and it is known to take around 10\u201330\u2009years to reduce Cd concentrations to half their original levels. Urinary \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010microglobulin (\u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010MG), N\u2010acetyl\u2010\u03b2\u2010D\u2010glucosaminidase (NAG), protein, glucose and albumin were used as indicators of renal dysfunction caused by Cd exposure. Our previous study found that urinary Cd concentrations had increased recently and that age was more strongly associated with urinary \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010MG concentration than recent Cd body burden. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of aging on Cd concentrations and renal dysfunction. The Cd, \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010MG, NAG, protein, glucose and albumin concentrations in the urine of 40 Japanese subjects (20 females and 20 males) environmentally exposed to Cd were collected. They lived in the Kakehashi River basin and were divided into three age categories: 50\u201369, 70\u201379 and 80\u201399\u2009years. Significant differences in urinary Cd and \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010MG concentrations were found among age groups, with urinary Cd levels tending to increase with age in both sexes. No significant correlations were found between urinary Cd and any indicators of renal dysfunction. The correlation between age, Cd and indicators of renal dysfunction was observed more clearly in females than in males. Age is more strongly correlated with indicators of renal dysfunction than Cd body burden. 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