{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T16:33:58Z","timestamp":1788366838113,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537315200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]],"date-time":"2017-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000774","name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HDTRA1\u201014\u20100005 UCSF (BRBAA11\u2010PerC\u20109\u201020054 \u2010 Base)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HDTRA1\u201014\u20100005 UCSF (BRBAA11\u2010PerC\u20109\u201020054 \u2010 Base)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sulfur mustard has been used as a chemical warfare agent for the past century. After its introduction by the Germans in World War I, investigators quickly began studying its impact on the human body including its deleterious effects on skin. This review focuses on two groups in particular who conducted experiments from 1917 to 1918: the United States Army at the American University Experiment Station Laboratories and Torald Sollmann at Western Reserve University. Through this work, these researchers proved far ahead of their time by anticipating dermatologic phenomena not described in the literature until later in the twentieth century. These include regional variation of percutaneous penetration, effect of vehicle on penetration and predicting immunologic contact urticaria. The work conducted by these researchers set the groundwork for much of twentieth century dermatotoxicology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]],"date-time":"2017-09-19T22:22:44Z","timestamp":1505859764000},"page":"108-112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Dermatotoxicology of sulfur mustard: Historical perspectives from World War I"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9215-4685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Austin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati OH 45267 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Maibach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco CA 94143 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-0987(01)00167-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02741.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-53961-4_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000321444"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-47039-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1967.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b17534"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2821"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","volume-title":"Veterans at risk: The health effects of mustard gas and lewisite","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","first-page":"e48","article-title":"Regional variations in percutaneous absorption","volume":"11","author":"Lev\u2010Tov H.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Drugs in Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)04329-0","article-title":"On dichlorethylsulphide (mustard gas) i. the systemic effects and mechanism of action","volume":"12","author":"Lynch V.","year":"1918","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1971.10665987"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1975.01630180054004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470060032"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)04330-7","article-title":"On dichlorethylsulphide (mustard gas) ii. variations in susceptibility of the skin to dichlorethylsulphide","volume":"12","author":"Marshall E. 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