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Anaesthetized animals were randomly assigned to either control (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07), no decontamination (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012) or WoundStat\u2122 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012) treatment groups. Pigs were exposed to a 5\u00d7 LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> dose of neat, radiolabelled <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\u2010[2\u2010(diisopropylamino)ethyl]\u2010<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\u2010ethyl methyl\u2010phosphonothioate (VX; or equivalent volume of sterile saline for the control group) via an area of superficially damaged skin on the ear. WoundStat\u2122 was applied at 30\u00a0seconds post\u2010exposure to assigned animals. The VX contaminant (or saline) and decontaminant remained in place for the duration of the study (up to 6\u00a0hours). Physiological parameters and signs of intoxication were recorded during the exposure period. Skin and organ samples were taken post mortem for <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>C\u2013VX distribution analyses. Blood samples were taken periodically for toxicokinetic and whole\u2010blood acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity analyses. VX exposure was accompanied by a rapid decrease in AChE activity in all animals, regardless of decontamination. However, decontamination significantly improved survival rate and time and reduced the severity of signs of intoxication. In addition, the distribution of <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>C\u2013VX in key internal organs and post mortem blood samples was significantly lower in the WoundStat\u2122 treatment group. This study demonstrates that WoundStat\u2122 may be a suitable medical countermeasure for increasing both survival rate and time following VX exposure. The results also suggest that AChE activity is not a useful prognostic indicator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]],"date-time":"2017-10-10T08:26:11Z","timestamp":1507623971000},"page":"318-328","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The percutaneous toxicokinetics of VX in a damaged skin porcine model and the evaluation of WoundStat\u2122 as a topical decontaminant"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Helen","family":"Lydon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CBRN &amp; Chemical Toxicological Research Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Health Protection Agency (now Public Health England)  Chilton UK"},{"name":"School of Biosciences University of Birmingham  Edgbaston UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBRN &amp; Chemical Toxicological Research Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Health Protection Agency (now Public Health England)  Chilton UK"},{"name":"School of Biosciences University of Birmingham  Edgbaston UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hazem","family":"Matar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBRN &amp; Chemical Toxicological Research Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Health Protection Agency (now Public Health England)  Chilton UK"},{"name":"Research Centre for Topical Drug Delivery and Toxicology University of Hertfordshire  Hatfield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Dalton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences University of Birmingham  Edgbaston UK"},{"name":"Defence Science &amp; Technology Laboratory  Porton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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