{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T01:31:31Z","timestamp":1768872691213,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]],"date-time":"2017-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010tryptophan is nutritionally important and widely used in medical applications, toxicity data for its oral administration are limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential toxicity of an experimental diet containing added <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010tryptophan at doses of 0 (basal diet), 1.25%, 2.5% and 5.0% when administered to Sprague\u2013Dawley rats for 13\u00a0weeks. There were no toxicological changes in clinical signs, ophthalmology, urinalysis, hematology, necropsy, organ weight and histopathology between control rats and those fed additional <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010tryptophan. Body weight gain and food consumption significantly decreased throughout the administration period in males in the 2.5% group and in both sexes in the 5.0% group. At the end of the dosing period, decreases in water intake in males in the 5.0% group and in serum glucose in females in the 5.0% group were observed. The changes described above were considered toxicologically significant; however, they were not observed after a 5\u00a0week recovery period, suggesting reversibility. Consequently, the no\u2010observed\u2010adverse\u2010effect level of <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010tryptophan in the present study was 1.25% for males and 2.5% for females (mean intake of <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010tryptophan: 779\u00a0mg kg<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> body weight day<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> [males] and 1765\u00a0mg kg<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> body weight day<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> [females]). As the basal diet used in this study contained 0.27% of proteinaceous <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010tryptophan, the no\u2010observed\u2010adverse\u2010effect level of overall <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010tryptophan was 1.52% for males and 2.77% for females (mean intake of overall <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010tryptophan: 948\u00a0mg kg<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> body weight day<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> (males) and 1956\u00a0mg kg<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> body weight day<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> (females)). We conclude that <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010tryptophan has a low toxicity profile in terms of human use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]],"date-time":"2017-11-16T05:06:43Z","timestamp":1510808803000},"page":"552-563","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Thirteen week toxicity study of dietary <scp>l<\/scp>\u2010tryptophan in rats with a recovery period of 5\u00a0weeks"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4542-2349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Shibui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Innovation Ajinomoto Co., Inc.  1\u20101, Suzuki\u2010cho Kawasaki\u2010shi Kanagawa 210\u20108681 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Innovation Ajinomoto Co., Inc.  1\u20101, Suzuki\u2010cho Kawasaki\u2010shi Kanagawa 210\u20108681 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Masuzawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Innovation Ajinomoto Co., Inc.  1\u20101, Suzuki\u2010cho Kawasaki\u2010shi Kanagawa 210\u20108681 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takumi","family":"Ohishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gotemba Laboratory Bozo Research Center Inc.  1284, Kamado, Gotemba\u2010shi Shizuoka 412\u20100039 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Fukuwatari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures The University of Shiga Prefecture  2500, Hassaka\u2010cho Hikone\u2010shi Shiga 522\u20108533 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsumi","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures The University of Shiga Prefecture  2500, Hassaka\u2010cho Hikone\u2010shi Shiga 522\u20108533 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryosei","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Innovation Ajinomoto Co., Inc.  1\u20101, Suzuki\u2010cho Kawasaki\u2010shi Kanagawa 210\u20108681 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.000141"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6072509"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0098-2997(83)90005-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026988110201600112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6663(86)80051-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1979.tb04482.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-005-9103-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114902"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1955.10501294"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(89)81387-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"ECHA. 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