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However, the evidence regarding the effect of maternal DEHP exposure on fetal cardiac development is scarce. The present study aimed to determine the effect of maternal DEHP exposure on fetal cardiac development in mice and explore the possible involved mechanism preliminarily. The C57BL mice were randomly divided into four groups: the vehicle group (corn oil, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 10), 250\u00a0mg kg<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> DEHP group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 15), 500\u00a0mg kg<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> DEHP group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 20) and 1\u00a0g kg<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> DEHP group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 20). Pregnant dams in different group received respective intervention by gavage once daily from embryonic day (E)6.5 to E14.5. Maternal weights were monitored every day and samples were collected at E15.5. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to examine fetal cardiac malformations. Real\u2010time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot were applied to detect peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor (PPAR)\u03b1\/PPAR\u03b3\/Nkx2.5\/Gata4\/Tbx5\/Mef2c\/Chf1 mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Maternal DEHP exposure significantly decreased maternal body weight, fetal weight and placental weight, and remarkably elevated fetal cardiac malformations rate. The phenotypes of cardiac anomalies mainly include septal defects, ventricular myocardium noncompaction and cardiac hypoplasia. Higher doses DEHP (500\u00a0mg kg<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> and 1\u00a0g kg<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>) could significantly decreased fetal cardiac Gata4\/Mef2c\/Chf1 expression, while PPAR\u03b3 expression was upregulated. Maternal exposure to higher doses of DEHP could result in fetal cardiac development malformations in mice and it might have resulted from the inhibition of cardiac GATA4\/Mef2c\/Chf1 expression via PPAR\u03b3 activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,26]],"date-time":"2018-01-26T07:29:06Z","timestamp":1516951746000},"page":"834-842","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The effect of maternal exposure to di\u2010(2\u2010ethylhexyl)\u2010phthalate on fetal cardiac development in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Changqing","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"West China Medical School of Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan 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