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In this study, whole\u2010transcriptome sequencing was performed to analyze the changes in genome\u2010wide gene expression pattern of rat hippocampus after treatments of cadmium telluride (CdTe) QDs with two sizes to understand better the mechanisms of CdTe QDs causing toxic effects in the CNS. We identified 2095 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Fifty\u2010five DEGs were between the control and 2.2\u00a0nm CdTe QDs, 1180 were between the control and 3.5\u00a0nm CdTe QDs and 860 were between the two kinds of CdTe QDs. It seemed that the 3.5\u00a0nm CdTe QD exposure might elicit severe effects in the rat hippocampus than 2.2\u00a0nm CdTe QDs at the transcriptome level. After bioinformatics analysis, we found that most DEG\u2010enriched Gene Ontology subcategories and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were related with the immune system process. For example, the Gene Ontology subcategories included immune response, inflammatory response and T\u2010cell proliferation; Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways included NOD\/Toll\u2010like receptor signaling pathway, nuclear factor\u2010\u03baB signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, natural killer cell\u2010mediated cytotoxicity and T\/B\u2010cell receptor signaling pathway. The traditional toxicological examinations confirmed the systemic immune response and CNS inflammation in rats exposed to CdTe QDs. This transcriptome analysis not only revealed the probably molecular mechanisms of CdTe QDs causing neurotoxicity, but also provided references for the further related studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]],"date-time":"2018-05-03T07:18:41Z","timestamp":1525331921000},"page":"1177-1194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Transcriptome analysis of different sizes of 3\u2010mercaptopropionic acid\u2010modified cadmium telluride quantum dot\u2010induced toxic effects reveals immune response in rat hippocampus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5054-1062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianshu","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, &amp; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Southeast University  Nanjing 210009 China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices Southeast University  Nanjing 210009 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, &amp; 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