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Oral consumption of TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> NPs poses concerning health risks; however, research on the combined effect of ingested TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> NPs and glucose is limited. We examined young Sprague\u2010Dawley rats administrated TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> NPs orally at doses of 0, 2, 10 and 50\u00a0mg\/kg body weight per day with and without 1.8\u00a0g\/kg body weight glucose for 30 and 90\u00a0days. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood biochemical parameters and histopathology of cardiac tissues was assessed to quantify cardiovascular damage. The results showed that oral exposure to TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> NPs and high doses of glucose both could induce cardiovascular injuries. The toxic effects were dose\u2010, time\u2010 and gender\u2010dependent. The interaction effects between oral\u2010exposed TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> NPs and glucose existed and revealed to be antagonism in most of the biological parameters. However, toxic effects of the high\u2010dose glucose seemed to be more severe than TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> NPs and the interaction of TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> NPs with glucose. These results suggest that it may be more important to control the sugar intake than TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> NPs for protecting the health of TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> NP consumers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,14]],"date-time":"2018-11-14T09:34:04Z","timestamp":1542188044000},"page":"590-602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Combined effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and glucose on the cardiovascular system in young rats after oral administration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Zhangjian","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health Peking University  Beijing 100191 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