{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T10:46:53Z","timestamp":1787827613879,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]],"date-time":"2019-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54CA163066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54CA163066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) are organochlorine environmental contaminants found in human blood at very significant levels (as high as 5\u00a0\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> for PCP and 260\u00a0n<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> for DDT). Cancers of the blood (lymphoma and myeloma) and kidney as well as others have been associated with exposure to these contaminants. Interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2 is a proinflammatory cytokine and is involved in stimulating cell proliferation. High levels of IL\u20101\u03b2 are associated with inflammatory diseases and tumor progression. Previous studies showed that PCP and DDT at certain concentrations were able to stimulate secretion of IL\u20101\u03b2. This study shows that the increased secretion of IL\u20101\u03b2 seen with both contaminants is due to compound\u2010induced increases in the production of this cytokine. Increased production began within 6\u00a0hours of exposure to PCP and continued to increase up to 24\u00a0hours. DDT\u2010induced stimulation of IL\u20101\u03b2 appeared to be maximal after 6\u00a0hours of exposure and then diminished by 24\u00a0hours. The increases seen in IL\u20101\u03b2 production stimulated by PCP appear to be at least partially due to compound\u2010induced increases in IL\u20101\u03b2 mRNA. Although DDT caused increased production of IL\u20101\u03b2, it did not appear to cause consistent increases in its mRNA. PCP\u2010 and DDT\u2010induced increases in IL\u20101\u03b2 production were dependent primarily on the p38 mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase pathway. These results indicate that both PCP and DDT are able to increase IL\u20101\u03b2 production in a p38 mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase\u2010dependent manner, which may have the potential to influence chronic inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]],"date-time":"2019-03-25T22:36:36Z","timestamp":1553553396000},"page":"1132-1142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Exposures to the environmental contaminants pentachlorophenol and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane increase production of the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin\u20101\u03b2, in human immune cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Tamara J.","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Tennessee State University  Nashville TN 37209 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JaQuel","family":"Maise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Tennessee State University  3500 John A. Merritt Blvd. Nashville TN 37209 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahra","family":"Gabure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Tennessee State University  3500 John A. Merritt Blvd. Nashville TN 37209 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1511-9181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret M.","family":"Whalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Tennessee State University  3500 John A. 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