{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T04:24:43Z","timestamp":1771475083851,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The amphibian metamorphosis assay represents an OECD Level 3 and EDSP Tier 1 ecotoxicity test assessing thyroid activity of chemicals in African clawed frog (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Xenopus laevis<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>). To evaluate the effectiveness of snout\u2010vent length (SVL) normalization of hindlimb length (HLL), correlation between the HLL and SVL or body weight was evaluated in the control groups of 10 individual studies from three laboratories. Two studies required separate analysis of the Nieuwkoop\u2010Faber (NF) stage \u226460 and &gt;60 animals creating a total of 12 data sets. On study day 7, significant positive correlation between HLL and SVL or body weight was observed in eight and seven of the 10 data sets, respectively (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.608\u20100.843 and 0.583\u20100.876). On study day 21, significant positive correlation between HLL and SVL or body weight was found in three and four of the 12 data sets, respectively (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.452, 0.480 and 0.553 and <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.621, 0.546, 0.564 and 0.378). Significant positive correlation between HLL and SVL was found in three of five studies, including \u2264NF stage 60 data (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.564, 0.546 and 0.621). In one of eight studies, including &gt;NF stage 60 data, the positive correlation between HLL and body weight was determined (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.378). Negative or no correlation between HLL and SVL or body weight was found in the other late stage data sets. Therefore, use of SVL\u2010normalized HLL to assess thyroid\u2010mediated effects in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>X. laevis<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> tadpoles is not warranted. HL stage relative to body stage should be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T06:43:50Z","timestamp":1554705830000},"page":"1164-1172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Is normalized hindlimb length measurement in assessment of thyroid disruption in the amphibian metamorphosis assay relevant?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Sascha","family":"Pawlowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BASF SE  67056 Ludwigshafen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Dammann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BASF SE  67056 Ludwigshafen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5191-4158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lennart","family":"Weltje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BASF SE  67056 Ludwigshafen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Champ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BASF SE  67056 Ludwigshafen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Mathis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fort Environmental Laboratories  Stillwater Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9071-014X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas J.","family":"Fort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fort Environmental Laboratories  Stillwater Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.44.1143.755"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/394336"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"826","volume-title":"Standard guide for conducting the frog embryo Teratogenesis assay\u2014Xenopus (FETAX), ASTM E1439\u201398: Annual book of ASTM standards","author":"American Society for Testing and Materials","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(82)90171-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"Amphibian metamorphosis: A complex program of gene expression changes controlled by the thyroid hormone","volume":"50","author":"Brown D. 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