{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:07:24Z","timestamp":1790762844228,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]],"date-time":"2019-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\u201006338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\u201006338"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["312014\u20102009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312014\u20102009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009154","name":"University of Windsor","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["817074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["817074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009154","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>(<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>)\u20102,4\u2010Diaminobutanoic acid (DABA) is a noncanonical amino acid often co\u2010produced by cyanobacteria along with \u03b2\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010methylamino\u2010<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010alanine (BMAA) in algal blooms. Although BMAA is a well\u2010established neurotoxin, the toxicity of DABA remains unclear. As part of our development of biocompatible materials, we wish to make use of DABA as both a building block and as the end\u2010product of enzymatically induced depolymerization; however, if it is toxic at very low concentrations, this would not be possible. We examined the toxicity of DABA using both in vivo embryonic and adult zebrafish models. At higher sublethal concentrations (700\u00a0\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>), the fish demonstrated early signs of cardiotoxicity. Adolescent zebrafish were able to tolerate a higher concentration. Post\u2010mortem histological analysis of juvenile zebrafish showed no liver or brain abnormalities associated with hepato\u2010 or neurotoxicity. Combined, these results show that DABA exhibits no overt toxicity at concentrations (100\u2010300\u00a0\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) within an order of magnitude of those envisioned for its application. This study further highlights the low cost and ease of using zebrafish as an early\u2010stage toxicological screening tool.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]],"date-time":"2019-08-06T22:04:56Z","timestamp":1565129096000},"page":"1568-1577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Neuro\u2010 and hepatic toxicological profile of (<i>S<\/i>)\u20102,4\u2010diaminobutanoic acid in embryonic, adolescent and adult zebrafish"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Rosa\u2010Maria","family":"Ferraiuolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Windsor  Windsor Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Meister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor  Windsor Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Leckie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor  Windsor Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohadeseh","family":"Dashti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor  Windsor Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Franke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor  Windsor Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Windsor  Windsor Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4780-4968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John F.","family":"Trant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor  Windsor Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins6020488"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/739746"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2015.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/80.3.251"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(77)90046-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-006-9186-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2013.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/zeb.2012.0860"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(72)90194-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501526102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.2397"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04898"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.451556"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075376"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology","author":"Fan K.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3766-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.6b02320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8PY00350E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-014-1812-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfg241"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfi110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1977.tb06998.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim D\u2010H. 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