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Animal studies have shown that in utero exposure to benzene can increase tumor incidence in offspring. Although there have been risk factors established for acute myeloid leukemia, they still do not account for many of the cases. Clearly then, current efforts to elucidate the mechanism by which benzene exerts its carcinogenic properties have been superficial. Owing to the critical role of cell signaling pathways in the development of an organism and its various organ systems, it seems plausible to suspect that these pathways may have a role in leukemogenesis. This review article assesses current evidence of the effects of benzene on critical hematopoietic signaling pathways. Pathways discussed included Hedgehog, Notch\/Delta, Wingless\/Integrated, nuclear factor\u2010kappaB and others. Following a review of the literature, it seems that current evidence about the effects of benzene on these critical signaling pathways remains limited. Given the important role of these pathways in hematopoiesis, more attention should be given to them.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T20:55:41Z","timestamp":1582923341000},"page":"1018-1032","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Benzene and its effects on cell signaling pathways related to hematopoiesis and leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1407-5383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter C.W.","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical &amp; Molecular Sciences Queen's University  Kingston Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Shahbaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical &amp; Molecular Sciences Queen's University  Kingston Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1088-5538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise M.","family":"Winn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical &amp; Molecular Sciences Queen's University  Kingston Ontario Canada"},{"name":"School of Environmental Sciences Queen's University  Kingston Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nov316"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2000.02317.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","volume-title":"Molecular biology of the cell","author":"Alberts B.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(77)90180-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22561"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12655"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-1956"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfp242"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1203238"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5009","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125.24.5009","article-title":"Hematopoietic induction and respecification of A\u2010P identity by visceral endoderm signaling in the mouse embryo","volume":"125","author":"Belaoussoff M.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-07-505099"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/84282"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"2831","article-title":"Loss of p53 in benzene\u2010induced thymic lymphomas in p53+\/\u2212 mice: evidence of chromosomal recombination","volume":"60","author":"Boley S. 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