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However, the risks associated with the long\u2010term use of such products are still incompletely understood. Although the risks of these products should be clarified through epidemiological studies, such studies are normally performed based on each product category, not product\u2010by\u2010product. Therefore, investigation of the risk on a product\u2010by\u2010product basis is important to provide specific scientific evidence. In the current study, we performed the 40\u2010day repeated exposure of in vitro human bronchial epithelial tissues to cigarette smoke (CS) or vapor from our proprietary novel tobacco vapor product (NTV). In addition, tissue samples exposed to CS were switched to NTV or CS exposure was stopped at 20 days to reflect a situation where smokers switched to NTV or ceased to smoke. All tissue samples were assessed in terms of toxicity, inflammation and transcriptomic alterations. Tissue samples switched to NTV and the cessation of exposure samples showed recovery from CS\u2010induced damage although there was a time\u2010course difference. Moreover, repeated exposure to NTV produced negligible effects on the tissue samples while CS produced cumulative effects. Our results suggest that the use of NTV, including switching to NTV from cigarette smoking, has fewer effects on bronchial epithelial tissues than continuing smoking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T04:50:58Z","timestamp":1587531058000},"page":"1248-1258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i> long\u2010term repeated exposure and exposure switching of a novel tobacco vapor product in a human organotypic culture of bronchial epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0079-7510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigeaki","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Product Assessment Center, Japan Tobacco Inc.  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