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For instance, 4\u2010NP induces the formation of testis\u2010ova (i.e., testicular and ovarian tissue in the same gonad) or male to female sex reversal of various teleost fishes. Recently, our group revealed that altered <jats:italic>gsdf<\/jats:italic> gene expression is associated with disruption of gonadal differentiation in Japanese medaka (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Oryzias latipes<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) embryos exposed to methyltestosterone or bisphenol A, suggesting that <jats:italic>gsdf<\/jats:italic> might be useful as a biomarker for predicting the impact of endocrine\u2010disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on gonadal differentiation. Here, we used 4\u2010NP to examine further whether <jats:italic>gsdf<\/jats:italic> expression at the embryo stage is useful for predicting EDC impact on gonadal sex differentiation. When fertilized medaka eggs were exposed to 32 or 100 \u03bcg\/L 4\u2010NP, testis\u2010ova in genetic males and sex reversal from genetic male to phenotypic female were observed. At stage 38 (just before hatching), 4\u2010NP exposure at 1\u2010100 \u03bcg\/L did not affect <jats:italic>gsdf<\/jats:italic> expression in XX embryos compared with the nontreated control; however, in XY embryos, the <jats:italic>gsdf<\/jats:italic> expression in the 100 \u03bcg\/L\u2010exposed group was significantly lower than that in the controls. The 4\u2010NP concentration at which <jats:italic>gsdf<\/jats:italic> expression was suppressed was equal to that at which testis\u2010ova and sex reversal were induced. These results indicate that expression of the <jats:italic>gsdf<\/jats:italic> gene at the embryonic stage in medaka is a useful biomarker for predicting the impact of EDCs on sexual differentiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T14:49:33Z","timestamp":1599058173000},"page":"399-409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Exposure to 4\u2010nonylphenol induces a shift in the gene expression of <i>gsdf<\/i> and testis\u2010ova formation and sex reversal in Japanese medaka (<scp><i>Oryzias latipes<\/i><\/scp>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4558-8624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshifumi","family":"Horie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Bioresource Sciences Akita Prefectural University  Akita Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiko","family":"Kanazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Systems Science and Technology Akita Prefectural University  Akita Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiho","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Bioresource Sciences Akita Prefectural University  Akita Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7098-8809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norihisa","family":"Tatarazako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology for Biological Resources and Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture Ehime University  Matsuyama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6020-0704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taisen","family":"Iguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanobioscience Yokohama City University  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(87)80167-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-018-0507-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.11.089"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.104928"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(02)00057-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-014-9943-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"Fox J. &Bouchet\u2010Valat M.(2018).Rcmdr: R Commander. 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