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Although the original molar\u2010concentration approach to ADRA testing was not suitable for testing multiconstituent substances of an unknown composition, a weight\u2010concentration approach that is suitable for such substances was developed, which also led to the realization that test chemical solutions prepared to molar concentrations higher than the original 1 mM would reduce false negative results as well as enhance predictive capacity. The present study determined an optimal molar\u2010concentration that achieves even higher predictive capacity than the original ADRA. Eight chemicals that were false negatives when tested with 1 mM test chemical solutions were retested with test chemical solutions between 2 and 5 mM, which showed 4 mM to be the optimal molar\u2010concentration for ADRA testing. When 82 chemicals used in the original development were retested with 4 mM test chemical solutions, false negative results were reduced by four. When an additional 85 chemicals used to evaluate the weight\u2010concentration approach to ADRA were retested, the results essentially replicated those obtained with 0.5 mg\/ml test chemical solutions and gave 10 fewer false negatives than original ADRA with 1 mM solutions. A comparison of these results for 136 chemicals showed that ADRA testing with 4 mM solutions achieved a four percentage point improvement in accuracy over original ADRA and a two percentage point improvement over DPRA testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T06:04:50Z","timestamp":1604037890000},"page":"303-329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Improving predictive capacity of the Amino acid Derivative Reactivity Assay test method for skin sensitization potential with an optimal molar concentration of test chemical solution"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Mika","family":"Imamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Safety Evaluation Center Fujifilm Corporation  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sayaka","family":"Wanibuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Safety Evaluation Center Fujifilm Corporation  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Safety Evaluation Center Fujifilm Corporation  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Safety Research Center, Division of Risk Assessment National Institute of Health Sciences  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7115-8452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Kasahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Safety Evaluation Center Fujifilm Corporation  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4345-1154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaharu","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Safety Evaluation Center Fujifilm Corporation  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja9620797"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2008.07110","article-title":"Determination of in vivo dose response and allergen\u2010specific T cells in subjects contact\u2010sensitized to squaric acid dibutyl ester","volume":"19","author":"Camouse M. 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