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Toluene is one of the most frequently used solvents in industries despite its toxicity. The objective of this study is to better understand and compare the toxicity of toluene and its homologues in a bronchial cell model. Thus, human bronchial BEAS\u20102B cells were exposed to steams of toluene, <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\u2010xylene, mesitylene (1,3,5\u2010trimethylbenzene), and benzene (20 and 100\u00a0ppm). Exposure was carried out using an air\u2013liquid interface (ALI) system (Vitrocell) during 1\u00a0h\/day for 1, 3, or 5\u00a0days. Cytotoxicity, xenobiotic metabolism enzyme gene expression, and inflammatory response were evaluated following cell exposures. BEAS\u20102B cell exposure to toluene and its homologues revealed the involvement of major (<jats:italic>CYP2E1<\/jats:italic>) and minor metabolic pathways (<jats:italic>CYP1A1<\/jats:italic>). A late induction of genes (<jats:italic>EPHX1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>DHDH<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ALDH2<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>ALDH3B1<\/jats:italic>) was measured from Day 3 and can be linked to the formation of metabolites. An increase in the secretion level of inflammatory markers (TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, MCP\u20101, and GM\u2010CSF) was also observed. In parallel, regulation between inflammatory mediators and the expression of transmembrane glycoprotein mucin MUC1 was also studied. This in vitro approach with ALI system points out the relevance of conducting repeated exposures to detect potential late effects. The difference recorded after cell exposure to toluene and its homologues highlights the importance of substitution principle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T22:36:54Z","timestamp":1606948614000},"page":"1262-1274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Toxicological responses of BEAS\u20102B cells to repeated exposures to benzene, toluene, <i>m<\/i>\u2010xylene, and mesitylene using air\u2013liquid interface method"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Cl\u00e9mence","family":"M\u00e9ausoone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417 Universit\u00e9 du Littoral C\u00f4te d'Opale  Dunkirk France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8321-0825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yann","family":"Landkocz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417 Universit\u00e9 du Littoral C\u00f4te d'Opale  Dunkirk France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Cazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Commun de Mesures Universit\u00e9 du Littoral C\u00f4te d'Opale  Dunkirk France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Seigneur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417 Universit\u00e9 du Littoral C\u00f4te d'Opale  Dunkirk France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7985-6503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique","family":"Courcot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417 Universit\u00e9 du Littoral C\u00f4te d'Opale  Dunkirk France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1363-4515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvain","family":"Billet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417 Universit\u00e9 du Littoral C\u00f4te d'Opale  Dunkirk France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2014.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2005.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2014.05.023"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"In vitro models of inhalation toxicity and disease. 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