{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T01:12:14Z","timestamp":1768698734989,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3225002101D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3225002101D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81573186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81573186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become widespread in the environment with increasing industrial applications. But the studies about their potential health risks are far from enough, especially in neurotoxic effects. This study aimed to investigate the neurotoxic effects of longer\u2010term exposure (prolonged exposure for 48\u2009h and chronic exposure for 6\u2009days) of 20nm AgNPs with\/without polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coating at low concentrations (0.01\u201310\u2009mg\u00b7L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>. The results suggested that exposure to AgNPs induced damage to nematode survival, with the longest and relative average life span reduced. Exposure to AgNPs caused neurotoxicity on locomotion behaviors (head thrashes, body bends, pharyngeal pumping frequency, and defecation interval) and sensory perception behaviors (chemotaxis assay and thermotaxis assay), as well as impaired dopaminergic, GABAergic, and cholinergic neurons, except for glutamatergic, based on the alters fluorescence intensity, in a dose\u2010 and time\u2010dependent manner. Further investigations suggested that the low\u2010dose AgNPs (0.01\u20130.1\u2009mg\u00b7L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) exposure raises receptors of GABAergic and dopamine in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>C.\u00a0elegans<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> at the genetic level, whereas opposite results were observed at higher doses (1\u201310\u2009mg\u00b7L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), which implied that AgNPs could cause neurotoxicity by impairing neurotransmitter delivery. The PVP\u2010AgNPs could cause a higher fatality rate and neurotoxicity at the same dose. Notably, AgNPs did not cause any deleterious effect on nematodes at the lowest dose of 0.01\u2009mg\u00b7L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. In general, these results suggested that AgNPs possess the neurotoxic potential in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>C.\u00a0elegans<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> and provided useful information to understand the neurotoxicity of AgNPs, which would offer an inspiring perspective on the safe application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T05:10:55Z","timestamp":1621141855000},"page":"2055-2067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Neurobehavior and neuron damage following prolonged exposure of silver nanoparticles with\/without polyvinylpyrrolidone coating in <scp><i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i><\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2943-1624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2038-983X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiangyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health Southeast University  Nanjing 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