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Studies have demonstrated that they can reduce female fertility, but the underlying mechanism, especially that on embryo implantation, is still poorly understood. Endometrial decidualization is a critical event for embryo implantation. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of EtP\/PrP on endometrial decidualization. Pregnant mice were dosed daily by oral gavage with EtP at 0, 400, 800 and 1600\u2009mg\/kg or with PrP at 0, 625, 1250 and 2500\u2009mg\/kg from Day 1 of pregnancy until sacrifice. The results showed that the rate of pregnant mice with impaired embryo implantation, whose number of implantation sites was less than 7, was significantly increased after exposure to 1600\u2009mg\/kg EtP or 2500\u2009mg\/kg PrP. Further study found that the expression of endometrial decidualization markers HOXA10, MMP9 and PR was significantly downregulated in 1600\u2009mg\/kg EtP group and 2500\u2009mg\/kg PrP group. Notably, serum oestrogen and progesterone levels were significantly increased, whereas the expression of uterine oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor was decreased following 1600\u2009mg\/kg EtP or 2500\u2009mg\/kg PrP exposure. In the breeding test, fewer offspring were found after females were exposed to 1600\u2009mg\/kg EtP or 2500\u2009mg\/kg PrP in early pregnancy. This demonstrated that exposure to EtP\/PrP interfered with embryo implantation by compromising endometrial decidualization in early\u2010stage pregnant mice. Disorders of reproductive hormones and hormone receptor signals could be responsible for impaired decidualization. This study broadened the understanding on the biological safety of EtP and PrP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T03:20:35Z","timestamp":1623208835000},"page":"1732-1746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Exposure to ethylparaben and propylparaben interfere with embryo implantation by compromising endometrial decidualization in early pregnant mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction &amp; Development Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weike","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction &amp; 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