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It is noteworthy that housekeeping genes commonly used in adult studies may not be applicable for fetus. However, the stability analysis of housekeeping gene in fetal kidney has not been reported. This study intends to screen the applicable compound housekeeping genes in rat fetal kidney. In this study, eight housekeeping genes used in kidney studies based on literature reports (<jats:italic>GAPDH<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ACTB<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>18S<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>HPRT<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>YWHAZ<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>HMBS<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PPIA<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>TBP<\/jats:italic>) were selected as the research object. Their expression levels in the rat fetal kidney in physiological condition and the intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) model induced by prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) (0.2\u2009mg\/kg\u00b7day from gestation Days 9 to 20) was measured. Furthermore, these eight housekeeping genes were used to conduct relative quantitative analysis of <jats:italic>nephrin<\/jats:italic> expression in the fetal kidney in PDE\u2010induced IUGR model, to compare the influence of choosing different housekeeping gene on data analysis of <jats:italic>nephrin<\/jats:italic> expression and to verify the reliability of selected compound housekeeping genes. In this study, stable housekeeping genes of fetal kidney tissues in PDE\u2010induced IUGR model were identified: <jats:italic>ACTB<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>GAPDH<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>TBP<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>HMBS<\/jats:italic> for males; <jats:italic>ACTB<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>YWHAZ<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>GAPDH<\/jats:italic> for females. Besides, our results suggest that <jats:italic>ACTB<\/jats:italic>\u2009+\u2009<jats:italic>GAPDH<\/jats:italic> were the best compound housekeeping genes for normalization analysis in male fetal kidney studies, and <jats:italic>ACTB<\/jats:italic>\u2009+\u2009Y<jats:italic>WHAZ<\/jats:italic> in females. This study will provide an experimental evidence basis for the selection of housekeeping genes in the RT\u2010qPCR experiment in renal development toxicology\u2010related models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T06:35:46Z","timestamp":1628577346000},"page":"360-370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The selection and identification of compound housekeeping genes for quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction analysis in rat fetal kidney"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Xiaoqi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Basic Medical School of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiyun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology 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