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In the present study, we performed brain region\u2010specific global gene expression profiling to compare the profiles of VPA\u2010induced neurotoxicity between developmental and postpubertal exposure. Offspring exposed to VPA at 0, 667, and 2000 parts per million (ppm) via maternal drinking water from gestational day 6 until weaning (postnatal day 21) were examined, along with male rats orally administered VPA at 0, 200, and 900\u2009mg\/kg body weight for 28\u2009days starting at 5\u00a0weeks old. Four brain regions\u2014the hippocampal dentate gyrus, corpus callosum, cerebral cortex, and cerebellar vermis\u2014were subjected to expression microarray analysis. Profiled data suggested a region\u2010specific pattern of effects after developmental VPA exposure, and a common pattern of effects among brain regions after postpubertal VPA exposure. Developmental VPA exposure typically led to the altered expression of genes related to nervous system development (<jats:italic>Msx1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Xcl1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Foxj1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Prdm16<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>C3<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Kif11<\/jats:italic>) in the hippocampus, and those related to nervous system development (<jats:italic>Neurod1<\/jats:italic>) and gliogenesis (<jats:italic>Notch1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Sox9<\/jats:italic>) in the corpus callosum. Postpubertal VPA exposure led to the altered expression of genes related to neuronal differentiation and projection (<jats:italic>Cd47<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Cyr61<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Dbi<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Adamts1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Btg2<\/jats:italic>) in multiple brain regions. These findings suggested that neurotoxic patterns of VPA might be different between developmental and postpubertal exposure, which was consistent with our previous study. Of note, the hippocampal dentate gyrus might be a sensitive target of developmental neurotoxicants after puberty.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]],"date-time":"2021-11-14T22:30:08Z","timestamp":1636929008000},"page":"864-882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Gene expression profiles of multiple brain regions in rats differ between developmental and postpubertal exposure to valproic acid"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Ryota","family":"Ojiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology  Fuchu\u2010shi Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology  Fuchu\u2010shi Tokyo 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