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Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is produced by the Gram<jats:italic>\u2010<\/jats:italic>positive opportunistic pathogen, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>. Emerging evidence suggests that intraperitoneal injection of LPS combined with low\u2010dose aerosolized SEB exposure can cause severe lung injury and even death, while SEB or LPS alone cause neither mortality nor severe pulmonary symptoms in mice. However, pulmonary effects from exposure to aerosolized SEB potentiated by LPS have not been evaluated. This study investigates the global transcriptome profile of lung tissue in mice after exposure to aerosolized SEB potentiated by LPS or LPS alone. A mouse model of intratracheal exposure to LPS\u2010potentiated aerosolized SEB is established and described through histological examination. Transcriptome analysis revealed LPS\u2010potentiated aerosolized SEB affected mouse lungs within 72\u2009h post\u2010SEB inhalation, gradually causing lung injury starting from 24\u2009h post inhalation. Hub genes leading to lung injury at 48\u2009h post inhalation have been identified. Flow cytometry revealed that LPS potentiation of low\u2010dose SEB produces a superantigen response that T cells expressing a particular T cell receptor V\u03b2 induces a proliferation response by 72\u2009h post inhalation in the lungs of mice. This study represents the first research to investigate pulmonary transcriptional responses of LPS\u2010potentiated aerosolized low\u2010dose SEB exposure. This research helps to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the process by which the two bacterial components combined to produce lung damage and provides an insight into potential treatments for alleviating inflammation of the lung when coinfection is present.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T20:29:37Z","timestamp":1643142577000},"page":"1205-1217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exposure to aerosolized staphylococcal enterotoxin B potentiated by lipopolysaccharide modifies lung transcriptomes and results in lung injury in the mouse model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5486-7641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuliang","family":"Zong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changjiao","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1013-1437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duo","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengyun","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6085-7688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830270405"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mcc.0000000000000435"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.22.8941"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201646837"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl056"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2017.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)81289-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01070-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-019-00684-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0891-5520(05)70078-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/368711a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins5091531"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425910374092"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krakauer T. 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